Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a major limitation of membrane filters?
What is a major limitation of membrane filters?
Which type of filtration system involves the culture broth being pumped across the membrane?
Which type of filtration system involves the culture broth being pumped across the membrane?
How is the filter cake removed in a rotating drum filtration unit?
How is the filter cake removed in a rotating drum filtration unit?
What happens when gas is introduced into the liquid broth in the flotation process?
What happens when gas is introduced into the liquid broth in the flotation process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which filtration system uses collector substances like fatty acids for foam formation?
Which filtration system uses collector substances like fatty acids for foam formation?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of filtration system does the filter cake get deposited on a rotating drum?
In which type of filtration system does the filter cake get deposited on a rotating drum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of Stage 1: Separation of Insoluble Products?
What is the main purpose of Stage 1: Separation of Insoluble Products?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method relies on gravity to settle cells down for separation?
Which method relies on gravity to settle cells down for separation?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor mainly determines the rate of sedimentation in the settling method?
What factor mainly determines the rate of sedimentation in the settling method?
Signup and view all the answers
Which technique is commonly used to separate molds, yeasts, and bacteria from the fermentation medium?
Which technique is commonly used to separate molds, yeasts, and bacteria from the fermentation medium?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key factor affecting the efficiency of filtration in separating biomass?
What is a key factor affecting the efficiency of filtration in separating biomass?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method involves forcing fluid through a filter media to separate solid particles from liquids?
Which method involves forcing fluid through a filter media to separate solid particles from liquids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of flocculation?
What is the purpose of flocculation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the process of flocculation?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the process of flocculation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary principle underlying centrifugation?
What is the primary principle underlying centrifugation?
Signup and view all the answers
When is centrifugation most effective?
When is centrifugation most effective?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a limitation to large-scale industrial centrifugation?
What is a limitation to large-scale industrial centrifugation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of industrial centrifuge is commonly used in pilot plants?
Which type of industrial centrifuge is commonly used in pilot plants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between a tubular bowl centrifuge and a disc centrifuge?
What is the main difference between a tubular bowl centrifuge and a disc centrifuge?
Signup and view all the answers
How does a disc centrifuge function in separating solids from fluids?
How does a disc centrifuge function in separating solids from fluids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of a decanter or scroll centrifuge?
What is the main purpose of a decanter or scroll centrifuge?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is the release of intracellular products important in biotechnological processes?
Why is the release of intracellular products important in biotechnological processes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of method can be used to disintegrate or disrupt microorganisms or cells?
Which type of method can be used to disintegrate or disrupt microorganisms or cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does the selection of a particular method for cell disruption depend on the nature of the cells?
Why does the selection of a particular method for cell disruption depend on the nature of the cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of grinding with glass beads in cell disruption?
What is the main purpose of grinding with glass beads in cell disruption?
Signup and view all the answers
How do detergents aid in disrupting bacterial cells?
How do detergents aid in disrupting bacterial cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common organic solvent used for disrupting cells?
Which of the following is a common organic solvent used for disrupting cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does alkali treatment have on bacterial cells?
What effect does alkali treatment have on bacterial cells?
Signup and view all the answers
How are bacterial cells lysed in non-mechanical methods using enzymes?
How are bacterial cells lysed in non-mechanical methods using enzymes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is known for disrupting lipid:lipid, lipid:protein, and protein:protein interactions within cells?
Which method is known for disrupting lipid:lipid, lipid:protein, and protein:protein interactions within cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Disruption Methods
- Grinding with glass beads involves breaking cells by forcing them against the walls of a vessel at high speed.
- Detergents are used to rupture mammalian cells by solubilizing their phospholipids and disrupting lipid:lipid, lipid:protein, and protein:protein interactions.
- Lysozyme is used in conjunction with detergents to disrupt bacterial cells.
- Fungal cells require weakened cell walls before detergents can act.
- Organic solvents like toluene, ether, and phenyl ethyl alcohol solubilize phospholipids and denature proteins, disrupting cell membranes.
- Alkali treatment is a fast, reliable, and relatively clean method to isolate DNA from cells and extract bacterial proteins.
Cell Harvesting (Separation of Insoluble Products)
- Cell harvesting involves separating biomass, insoluble particles, and macromolecules from fermentation broth.
- Methods include settling, filtration, flotation, flocculation, and centrifugation.
- Settling (sedimentation) is a low-cost method that depends on size and weight, used in the alcohol industry.
- Filtration is widely used to separate molds, yeasts, and bacteria from fermentation medium.
- Flotation involves introducing gas into the liquid broth, forming bubbles that cells adsorb to, and collecting the foam layer.
- Coagulation-flocculation involves adding agents to form large aggregates that settle down for easy removal.
Centrifugation
- Centrifugation separates solid particles from liquid phase based on density differences.
- It is most effective for large particles and low liquid viscosity.
- Types of industrial centrifuges include:
- Tubular bowl centrifuge: simple, commonly used in pilot plants, can be operated in batch or continuous mode.
- Disc centrifuge: separates fluids with low solid concentration, used in pilot plants.
- Scroll centrifuge or decanter: used to separate fluids with high solid concentration, generally used in industrial scale.
Release of Intracellular Products
- Intracellular products must be released from cells for further processing and final isolation.
- Methods of cell disruption include physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods.
- The selection of a method depends on the nature of the cells.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the first stage of product recovery in bioprocess engineering, which involves separating insoluble products from the fermentation broth. Explore methods such as settling, filtration, flotation, and flocculation used in cell harvesting.
