Product Life-Cycle Theory: Raymond Vernon
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Questions and Answers

According to Raymond Vernon's Product Life-Cycle Theory, which stage involves the original country becoming a net importer of the product?

  • Introduction
  • Maturity
  • Standardization (correct)
  • Invention
  • What characterized the Introduction stage in Raymond Vernon's Product Life-Cycle Theory?

  • Monopoly in manufacturing and exports in inventor country (correct)
  • Multiple markets introduction simultaneously
  • Mature manufacturing processes
  • Global production dispersion
  • Why is Raymond Vernon's Product Life-Cycle Theory criticized for being ethnocentric?

  • It emphasized the role of innovation in global trade.
  • It only focused on global production dispersion.
  • It explained international trade from an American perspective. (correct)
  • It highlighted the benefits of trade for all nations.
  • How does the New Trade Theory differ from Raymond Vernon's Product Life-Cycle Theory?

    <p>It focuses on resource endowments and technology differences between nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Maturity stage in Raymond Vernon's Product Life-Cycle Theory?

    <p>Standardization of manufacturing processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does globalization impact the relevance of Raymond Vernon's Product Life-Cycle Theory today?

    <p>It renders the theory less valid due to simultaneous market introductions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of international trade predicts that countries will export goods and services that make intensive use of factors of production that are locally abundant?

    <p>Heckscher-Ohlin theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of an individual, company, or country to produce a good or service at a lower cost than any competitor?

    <p>Absolute advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, what stage is characterized by the inventor country enjoying a monopoly in both manufacturing and exports of the product?

    <p>Introduction stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of trade barriers exist?

    <p>Quotas and tariffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory suggests that as products mature, the optimal product location will change?

    <p>New trade theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are free trade zones (FTZ) intended for?

    <p>Stimulating local economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used when tariffs are levied as a fixed charge for each unit of a good imported?

    <p>Specific tariffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a quota demand in terms of goods production?

    <p>Specific fraction be produced domestically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common argument for imposing trade barriers?

    <p>Protecting domestic industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when governments do not restrict the exchange of goods and services between nations?

    <p>Free trade exists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the practice of selling goods in a foreign market below the cost of domestic production or below 'fair' market value called?

    <p>Dumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of adopting the Euro as a common currency?

    <p>Reduction in currency exchange and hedging costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main bodies of the EU according to the text?

    <p>The European Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many out of 27 countries have adopted the Euro?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the costs mentioned in adopting the Euro as a common currency?

    <p>Dissimilarities in economic activities within the eurozone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a reason for European producers to reduce their production costs after adopting the Euro?

    <p>To maintain or increase profits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant result of adopting the Euro for European producers?

    <p>Boost in the development of a pan-European capital market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries compose the USMCA?

    <p>United States, Canada, Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of countries have a common currency and common monetary and fiscal policies?

    <p>EU countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: South Korea is part of ASEAN.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a customs union?

    <p>EU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the situation when high-cost producers are replaced by low-cost producers within a free trade area?

    <p>Trade diversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four primary activities involved in the value chain according to the text?

    <p>Research and development, Production, Marketing and sales, Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

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