Product Life Cycle Analysis
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Questions and Answers

What type of process is characterized by high-contact and high customization?

  • Service shops
  • Mass services
  • Professional Services (correct)
  • Mass processes

    • What is a characteristic of mass processes?

  • Limited customer interaction
  • High levels of customization
  • High volume and relatively narrow variety (correct)
  • Highly adaptable to meet individual customer needs

    • What is a key feature of continuous processes?

  • High levels of customer interaction
  • Operation for longer periods of time (correct)
  • Limited division of labor
  • Highly adaptable to meet individual customer needs

    • What is a sequence of steps that accomplishes an activity in process-chain-network analysis?

    <p>Process chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of process is characterized by limited contact time and little customization?

    <p>Mass services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of process-chain-network analysis?

    <p>Optimizing interaction between firms and their customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key assumption for a product-oriented layout?

    <p>The product demand is stable enough to justify investment in specialized equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an assembly line in a product-oriented layout?

    <p>To put the fabricated parts together at a series of workstations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for considering site location in facility planning?

    <p>To be closer to a particular customer base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fabrication line responsible for in a product-oriented layout?

    <p>Building components such as automobile tires or metal parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for selecting a site location?

    <p>The availability of uniform quality raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a business decide to relocate to a new facility?

    <p>To be closer to a particular customer base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of unfavorable exchange rates on a facility location decision?

    <p>Negation of any savings from low wage rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is operational hedging in the context of facility location?

    <p>Having excess capacity in multiple countries and shifting production based on exchange rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor to consider when evaluating a location based on labor costs?

    <p>Labor productivity in addition to wage rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of costs are readily identifiable and precisely measurable?

    <p>Tangible costs such as utilities and labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor contributing to globalization?

    <p>More rapid, reliable travel and shipping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when comparing facility locations?

    <p>Exchange rates and currency risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the objectives of layout design?

    <p>To improve employee morale and safer working conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction of office layouts?

    <p>The importance of the flow of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the aspects that office layouts should balance?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of Deloitte & Touche's finding that 30% to 40% of desks were empty at any given time?

    <p>The company developed a 'hoteling program'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'concierge' in Deloitte & Touche's 'hoteling program'?

    <p>To manage the booking of offices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the trends in office layout design?

    <p>Creating dynamic needs for space and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an LCA?

    <p>To formally evaluate the environmental impact of a product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of the product life cycle would a product in decline be classified as?

    <p>Decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of process deals with discrete, highly customized products?

    <p>Project process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a project's S-curve?

    <p>To illustrate the product's life cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of jobbing processes?

    <p>Each product shares resources with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the overall design of a process?

    <p>The position of a process on the volume-variety continuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Layout Design Objectives

    • Higher utilization of space, equipment, and people
    • Improved flow of information, materials, and people
    • Improved employee morale and safer working conditions
    • Improved customer/client interaction
    • Flexibility

    Office Layout

    • Grouping of workers, equipment, and spaces to provide for comfort, safety, and movement of information
    • Importance placed on the flow of information
    • Balance of three physical and social aspects:
      • Proximity: Spaces should naturally bring people together
      • Privacy: People must be able to control access to their conversations
      • Permission: The culture should signal that non-work interactions are encouraged
    • Technology
    • Creating dynamic needs for space and services
    • Example: Deloitte & Touche's "hoteling programs"

    Process Types

    • Mass processes: High volume, relatively narrow variety
    • Continuous processes: Long periods of operation, sometimes continuous
    • Professional Services: High-contact, customizable, high staff discretion
    • Service shops: Mix of front- and back-office activities, moderate volume and variety
    • Mass services: High volume, limited customization, low staff discretion

    Service Design

    • Unique characteristic: Customer interaction
    • Process-chain-network analysis: Optimize interaction between firms and customers
    • Activities: Direct interaction, assumptions for product-oriented layout

    Product-Oriented Layout

    • Repetitive and product-oriented layout
    • Two types: Fabrication line, Assembly line

    Facility Planning

    • Site location: Geographical positioning of an operation relative to input resources and customers
    • Reasons for location: Manufacturing products, delivering services, relocating due to factors such as larger premises or customer base

    Factors Affecting Location Decision

    • Labor productivity
    • Exchange rates and currency risk
    • Costs: Tangible costs, operational hedging, transportation of raw materials and finished goods

    Take-Home Group Project

    • Task: Identify a product/service in the decline stage, assess activities in each stage of the product life cycle
    • Prepare a PowerPoint presentation showing the S-Curve of the product lifecycle, including timeline and sales

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    Description

    Assess the environmental impact of a product and its life cycle stages. Identify a product that has reached its decline stage and analyze its activities in each stage. Create a PowerPoint presentation showing the S-Curve of the product lifecycle.

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