Simple present tense

Definition

• A procedural text is a type of nonfiction text that provides instructions or directions on how to accomplish a particular task or achieve a specific goal.

Characteristics

• Typically written in a step-by-step format
• Uses imperative verbs (e.g. "Cut", "Mix", "Bake") to give instructions
• Often includes lists, diagrams, and illustrations to aid understanding
• May include warnings, cautions, and safety precautions
• Written in a clear, concise, and objective tone

Purposes

• To provide instructions on how to complete a task or project
• To guide the reader through a process or procedure
• To educate or train the reader on a specific skill or topic
• To help the reader achieve a specific goal or outcome

Examples

• Recipes in a cookbook
• Instruction manuals for assembling furniture or electronics
• DIY guides for home improvement projects
• Scientific protocols for laboratory experiments
• User manuals for software or hardware

Key Features

• Clear and concise language
• Use of transitional words and phrases (e.g. "Next", "Then", "After")
• Use of visual aids (e.g. diagrams, flowcharts, images)
• Organized in a logical and sequential order
• May include troubleshooting tips or common mistakes to avoid

Definition of Procedural Text

• A type of nonfiction text that provides instructions or directions on how to accomplish a task or achieve a specific goal.

Characteristics of Procedural Text

• Written in a step-by-step format for clear understanding.
• Uses imperative verbs, such as "Cut", "Mix", "Bake", to give instructions.
• Includes lists, diagrams, and illustrations to aid understanding and visualization.
• May include warnings, cautions, and safety precautions to ensure safe practice.
• Written in a clear, concise, and objective tone to avoid confusion.

Purposes of Procedural Text

• Provides instructions on how to complete a task or project.
• Guides the reader through a process or procedure.
• Educates or trains the reader on a specific skill or topic.
• Helps the reader achieve a specific goal or outcome.

Examples of Procedural Text

• Recipes in a cookbook, providing step-by-step instructions for cooking.
• Instruction manuals for assembling furniture or electronics, guiding the reader through the process.
• DIY guides for home improvement projects, offering step-by-step instructions and tips.
• Scientific protocols for laboratory experiments, outlining the procedure and safety precautions.
• User manuals for software or hardware, providing instructions on how to use the product.

Key Features of Procedural Text

• Uses clear and concise language to avoid confusion.
• Employs transitional words and phrases, such as "Next", "Then", "After", to connect steps.
• Incorporates visual aids, like diagrams, flowcharts, and images, to aid understanding.
• Organized in a logical and sequential order to ensure ease of understanding.
• May include troubleshooting tips or common mistakes to avoid, ensuring the reader is prepared for potential issues.

Simple Present Tense

Interrogative Forms

• Formed using auxiliary verb "do" or "does" (3rd person singular)
• Yes/No questions are formed using "Do + subject + base form of verb" or "Does + subject + base form of verb" (3rd person singular)
• Wh- questions are formed using "Wh-word + do/does + subject + base form of verb"

Formation

• Base form of verb is used for all subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
• Add -s or -es to the base form for 3rd person singular (he, she, it)
• Exceptions to this rule are the verbs "be", "have", and "do" which are irregular

Affirmative Sentences

• Base form of the verb is used for all subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
• Add -s or -es to the base form for 3rd person singular (he, she, it)

Examples

• I live in New York
• You like playing tennis
• He studies English at university
• We play soccer on Sundays
• They have a dog