Questions and Answers
What is the correct syntax for declaring a variable using %TYPE in PL/SQL?
In PL/SQL, which of the following statements can be executed inside a PL/SQL block?
Which type of loop in PL/SQL requires a specific condition to exit before proceeding with further statements?
What will the output be after the execution of this block of code: 'LOOP I := 1; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘aI: ’ || I); I := I + 1; IF I > 5 THEN EXIT; END IF; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘bI: ’ || I); END LOOP;'?
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Which looping structure in PL/SQL iterates through a predefined set of values?
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Study Notes
Procedural Language SQL
- Use
%TYPE
to declare variables with the same data type as a specific column in a table. - Syntax:
Variable-name Table-name.Column-name %TYPE;
- Example: For a variable
X
with the type ofSTNO
in theSTUDENT
table:X STUDENT.STNO%TYPE;
PL/SQL - SQL Integration
- SQL statements can run within PL/SQL, specifically using DML commands like
SELECT
,INSERT
,UPDATE
, andDELETE
. - Transaction control statements, such as
COMMIT
,ROLLBACK
, andSAVEPOINT
, can also be utilized. - Example of inserting new products:
- Declare a variable
P
with the type ofPRODUCT.PID
:P PRODUCT.PID%TYPE;
- Begin block inserts products into the database and commits the transaction after updates.
- Declare a variable
Looping Structures in PL/SQL
- PL/SQL includes five types of looping structures for control flow:
- LOOP...EXIT Loop
- LOOP...EXIT WHEN Loop
- WHILE...LOOP Loop
- FOR Loop
LOOP...EXIT Loop
- General format:
- Begin with
LOOP
and include various statements. - Use an
IF condition
to determine when to exit the loop withEXIT
. - End the loop with
END LOOP;
- Begin with
Example of LOOP...EXIT Loop
- Declared a variable
I
of typeNUMBER(6)
. - Start with
I
initialized to 1. - Inside the loop, output the current value of
I
, increment it, and check if it exceeds 5 to exit. - Demonstrates the progression through iterations, showing the output for both
aI
andbI
.
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Description
This quiz covers various aspects of Procedural Language SQL, focusing on variable declaration, SQL integration within PL/SQL, and different looping structures used for control flow. Test your understanding of how to effectively use SQL commands and PL/SQL features in database management.