30 Questions
What is the purpose of normal flora in the GI tract and eyes?
To maintain balance and prevent colonization of pathogenic species
How does disrupting normal flora through infection affect bacterial abundance?
It increases bacterial abundance
What is an important consideration when prescribing antibiotics?
The patient's immune system status
Why is it crucial to understand the organism causing the infection before prescribing antibiotics?
Antibiotics may not work for certain organisms
How does oral use of antibiotics potentially impact antibiotic resistance?
It increases antibiotic resistance
Under what circumstances can normal microbial flora become pathogenic?
During immunosuppression
What role does normal microbial flora play in preventing the colonization of pathogenic species?
It competes with pathogenic species for resources
What is the minimum concentration of drug which can kill 99.99% of the organism population?
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
Which type of antibiotic kills bacteria?
Bactericidal
What does the term 'bacteriostatic' refer to?
Working with the immune system to inhibit bacteria growth
In what situation can high concentrations of some bacteriostatic agents be bactericidal?
When used in high doses
What is the minimum concentration of drug which can inhibit the growth of the microorganism?
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
When is it necessary for a bacteriostatic antibiotic to work with the immune system?
To remove the microorganisms from the body
Why might there not always be a precise distinction between static and cidal antibiotics?
Because high concentrations of some bacteriostatic agents can be bactericidal
What is the recommended timing for taking probiotics with antibiotics?
At least 2 hours before or after the antibiotic dose
What is a common side effect of probiotics?
Flatulence
Why should probiotics be used cautiously with patients taking immunosuppressants?
They may lead to infections in immunosuppressed patients
What effect can oral antibiotics have on the normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract?
They alter the balance of normal flora
What should be looked for when choosing a probiotic product?
High Colony Forming Units (CFU) and strain diversity
Why is it important not to take probiotics and antibiotics at the same time?
To allow each to act effectively
What is a potential consequence of taking probiotics with antibiotics without spacing them adequately?
Reduced effectiveness of antibiotics
What is one of the potential reasons for the inconsistency in study findings over time regarding oral contraceptive (OC) failure with oral antibiotics?
Decreased enterohepatic circulation
How does antibiotic-induced diarrhea impact the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?
It increases liver p450 enzyme induction
What is a potential consequence of increased liver p450 enzyme induction?
Increased drug absorption
Why are some studies supporting the use of nutritional probiotics considered less controlled?
The studies have inconsistencies over time
What is a suggested benefit of taking nutritional probiotics?
Maintenance of natural flora in the gut
Why is it important to keep natural flora in check?
To maintain a healthy gut environment
What is one of the potential failure rate associated with oral contraceptives (OCs)?
1-3%
What are some of the various hypotheses regarding the interaction between oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives?
Increased drug absorption, increased liver p450 enzyme induction, decreased enterohepatic circulation
What is a potential consequence of inconsistent study findings over time regarding oral contraceptive (OC) failure with oral antibiotics?
Decreased enterohepatic circulation
Learn about the interaction between probiotics and antibiotics, including the timing of intake, potential side effects, and precautions for patients taking immunosuppressants. This quiz covers the use of probiotics for conditions such as antibiotic associated diarrhea and provides food examples rich in probiotics.
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