Probiotics and Antibiotics Interaction

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What is the purpose of normal flora in the GI tract and eyes?

To maintain balance and prevent colonization of pathogenic species (correct)
To support the growth of pathogenic bacteria
To develop resistance to antibiotics
To cause infections in the absence of antibiotics

How does disrupting normal flora through infection affect bacterial abundance?

It has no effect on bacterial abundance
It has a variable effect on bacterial abundance
It increases bacterial abundance (correct)
It decreases bacterial abundance

What is an important consideration when prescribing antibiotics?

The patient's previous experience with antibiotics
The patient's preference for antibiotic type
The patient's allergies to antibiotics
The patient's immune system status (correct)

Why is it crucial to understand the organism causing the infection before prescribing antibiotics?

Antibiotics may not work for certain organisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does oral use of antibiotics potentially impact antibiotic resistance?

It increases antibiotic resistance (A) Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances can normal microbial flora become pathogenic?

During immunosuppression (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does normal microbial flora play in preventing the colonization of pathogenic species?

It competes with pathogenic species for resources (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum concentration of drug which can kill 99.99% of the organism population?

Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotic kills bacteria?

Bactericidal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bacteriostatic' refer to?

Working with the immune system to inhibit bacteria growth (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what situation can high concentrations of some bacteriostatic agents be bactericidal?

When used in high doses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum concentration of drug which can inhibit the growth of the microorganism?

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (B) Signup and view all the answers

When is it necessary for a bacteriostatic antibiotic to work with the immune system?

To remove the microorganisms from the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why might there not always be a precise distinction between static and cidal antibiotics?

Because high concentrations of some bacteriostatic agents can be bactericidal (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timing for taking probiotics with antibiotics?

At least 2 hours before or after the antibiotic dose (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of probiotics?

Flatulence (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why should probiotics be used cautiously with patients taking immunosuppressants?

They may lead to infections in immunosuppressed patients (D) Signup and view all the answers

What effect can oral antibiotics have on the normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract?

They alter the balance of normal flora (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be looked for when choosing a probiotic product?

High Colony Forming Units (CFU) and strain diversity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important not to take probiotics and antibiotics at the same time?

To allow each to act effectively (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of taking probiotics with antibiotics without spacing them adequately?

Reduced effectiveness of antibiotics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential reasons for the inconsistency in study findings over time regarding oral contraceptive (OC) failure with oral antibiotics?

Decreased enterohepatic circulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does antibiotic-induced diarrhea impact the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?

It increases liver p450 enzyme induction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of increased liver p450 enzyme induction?

Increased drug absorption (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are some studies supporting the use of nutritional probiotics considered less controlled?

The studies have inconsistencies over time (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a suggested benefit of taking nutritional probiotics?

Maintenance of natural flora in the gut (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to keep natural flora in check?

To maintain a healthy gut environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential failure rate associated with oral contraceptives (OCs)?

1-3% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the various hypotheses regarding the interaction between oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives?

Increased drug absorption, increased liver p450 enzyme induction, decreased enterohepatic circulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of inconsistent study findings over time regarding oral contraceptive (OC) failure with oral antibiotics?

Decreased enterohepatic circulation (B) Signup and view all the answers