Probability & Statistics (PCCAIML 501)
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What is a defining characteristic of a microkernel operating system?

  • It only supports one application at a time.
  • It includes most services in the kernel space.
  • It is designed for real-time processing exclusively.
  • It minimizes the functions in the kernel space. (correct)
  • Which scheduling algorithm is characterized as pre-emptive?

  • Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) (correct)
  • Shortest Job First (SJF)
  • Round Robin (RR) (correct)
  • First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
  • In process management, what is a Process Control Block (PCB) primarily used for?

  • To track memory allocation.
  • To store data permanently.
  • To manage the CPU state.
  • To maintain information about processes. (correct)
  • Which of the following is not a criterion for scheduling algorithms?

    <p>Memory allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to a situation where multiple processes access a shared resource and manipulate it simultaneously, leading to data inconsistency?

    <p>Race condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of semaphores in inter-process communication?

    <p>To control access to shared resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is most rigid and lacks modularity?

    <p>Monolithic Operating System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In context switching, what happens to the current process?

    <p>Its state is saved into the PCB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a zombie process?

    <p>A process that has completed execution but still has an entry in the process table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which semaphore functions are commonly used for signaling between processes?

    <p>semaphore_wait and semaphore_signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pthread_join function in POSIX Threads?

    <p>To wait for a thread to finish execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes message passing in inter-process communication?

    <p>Data is transferred between processes through queues or buffers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In object-oriented programming, what defines encapsulation?

    <p>The process of hiding the internal state of an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming function is used to create a pipe for inter-process communication?

    <p>pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key feature distinguishes polymorphism in object-oriented programming?

    <p>The ability of different objects to be accessed through the same interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of implementing Bagging using Random Forests?

    <p>To improve accuracy by combining multiple base learners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT a feature of object-oriented programming?

    <p>Global variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    K-means clustering is best used for which of the following tasks?

    <p>Identifying natural patterns in numerical data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)?

    <p>GMM assumes that the data comes from a mixture of several Gaussian distributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using Association Rule Mining with FP Growth?

    <p>It generates frequent itemsets without candidate generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing machine learning algorithms, which factor is crucial?

    <p>The algorithm's performance on balanced and unbalanced datasets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the k-nearest neighbor algorithm in machine learning?

    <p>To classify data points based on proximity to labeled examples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clustering method is best suited for categorical data?

    <p>K-mode clustering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of evaluating ML algorithms with unbalanced datasets?

    <p>It can lead to skewed performance metrics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six stages of the lifecycle management of cloud services?

    <p>Planning, Deployment, Monitoring, Maintenance, Scaling, Retirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT a concern related to cloud security?

    <p>Financial audits of cloud services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) primarily utilize for transactions?

    <p>Message-based transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options correctly describes cloud storage?

    <p>Storage defined by manned and unmanned options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key features of cloud management systems?

    <p>Monitoring of entire cloud computing deployment stacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol stack is involved in an Event-driven Service Oriented Architecture?

    <p>SOAP, REST, and WebSockets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of cloud APIs?

    <p>Facilitates cross-platform integrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of syndication services in webmail?

    <p>Aggregating content from various feeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of non-metric methods in pattern classification?

    <p>Nominal data handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an algorithm used for clustering?

    <p>Decision Trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does unsupervised learning primarily involve?

    <p>Finding hidden patterns in unlabelled data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of learning about vertex coloring in graph theory?

    <p>Assigning colors to vertices such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is NOT covered under the basics of graph theory?

    <p>Grouping algorithms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of clustering, what do criterion functions do?

    <p>Measure the quality of different clustering techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of set covering in graph theory?

    <p>To cover all elements in a set with the least number of subsets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation between K-means clustering and the properties of the data?

    <p>K-means is sensitive to the initial placement of centroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the chromatic number of a graph represent?

    <p>The minimum number of colors needed to color the graph such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theorem pertains to the coloring of chordal graphs?

    <p>Brooks' theorem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of graph is edge-coloring specifically relevant?

    <p>Bipartite graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes Class-1 graphs from Class-2 graphs?

    <p>Class-1 has a chromatic index equal to its maximum degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Greedy coloring algorithm aim to achieve?

    <p>Minimizes the total number of colors used for coloring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of networks does Maarten van Steen's book focus on?

    <p>Complex networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Gupta-Vizing theorem?

    <p>Classifying edge-coloring in bipartite graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can Mycielski's theorem help to construct?

    <p>New graphs with higher chromatic numbers from existing graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Probability & Statistics (PCCAIML 501)

    • Course Semester: V
    • Maximum Marks: 100
    • Examination Scheme:
      • End Semester Exam: 70 marks
      • Attendance: 5 marks
      • Continuous Assessment: 25 marks
    • Teaching Scheme: 3 hours/week theory
    • Course Aim: Equip students with standard concepts and tools in probability and statistics to tackle problems in the discipline.
    • Course Objective: Familiarize students with statistical techniques. Students should demonstrate understanding of probability & statistics by learning:
      • Probability and random variables (discrete and continuous) and their properties
      • Basic ideas of statistics (central tendency, correlation, regression)
      • Statistical methods for studying data samples

    Object Oriented Programming (PCC-CS503)

    • Semester: V
    • Maximum Marks: 100
    • Examination Scheme:
      • Mid Semester Exam: 15 marks
      • Assignment and Quiz: 10 marks
      • Attendance: 5 marks
      • End Semester Exam: 70 marks

    Object Oriented Programming Lab (PCC-CS592)

    • Semester: V
    • Maximum Marks: 100
    • Credit Points: 2
    • Teaching Scheme: 4 hours/week

    Introduction to Machine Learning (PCCAIML 502)

    • Semester: V
    • Maximum Marks: 100
    • Credit Points: 3
    • L: 3, T: 0, P: 0, C: 3
    • Course Objectives: Students will comprehend supervised and unsupervised techniques, differentiate regression/classification/clustering, analyze the performance of various machine learning techniques and select appropriate features.
    • Module 1: Introduction to Machine Learning, Feature Engineering, Learning Paradigm, Generalization of Hypothesis, VC Dimension, PAC Learning, Applications of ML.
    • Module 2: Data Handling and ANN, Feature Selection Mechanisms, Imbalanced Data, Outlier Detection. Artificial Neural Network details including backpropagation.
    • Module 3: ML Models and Evaluation, Regression (Multi-variable Regression, Model evaluation, Least squares regression, Regularization, LASSO), Classification (KNN, Naive Bayes, SVM, Decision Tree). Training and testing classifier models, Cross-validation, Model evaluation (precision, recall, F1-mesure, accuracy, area under curve), Statistical decision theory (discriminant functions, decision surfaces). Models assessment and inference.
    • Module 4: Model Assessment and Inference,Model assessment and Selection Ensemble Learning (Boosting, Bagging). Bayesian Theory, EM Algorithm.
    • Module 5: Hidden Markov Models
    • Module 6: Association Rules
    • Pre-requisites: NIL

    Machine Learning Lab (PCCAIML 592)

    • Semester: V
    • Maximum Marks: 100
    • Credit Points: 2
    • Lab Experiments: Implement Decision Tree learning, Logistic Regression, Classification using Multilayer perceptron, Classification using SVM, Implement Adaboost, Implement Bagging(Random forests), Implement K-means Clustering, Implement Hierarchical Clustering, Implement K-mode clustering, Implement Association Rule Mining using FP Growth, Classification based on association rules, Implement Gaussian Mixture Model using the EM algorithm, Evaluating ML algorithm with balanced and unbalanced datasets, Comparison of machine learning algorithms. Implement K-nearest neighbour algorithms.
    • Total Lecture hours: 30 hours

    Graph Theory (PECAIML501C)

    • Semester: V
    • Credit Points: 3
    • Teaching Scheme: 3 hours theory/week
    • Aim: Understanding graph theory, paths, walks and cycles, set covering, matching problem, vertex coloring.
    • Module details: 1. Introduction, 2. Connected Graphs & shortest paths, 3. Trees, 4. Independent sets & coverings, 5.Vertex Colouring.

    Pattern Recognition (PECAIML501B)

    • Semester: V
    • Credit Points: 3
    • Teaching scheme: 3 hours theory/week
    • Aim: Understand Bayesian decision theory, classifiers, discriminant functions, normal/density/discriminant functions.
    • Module details: basics of pattern recognition, Bayesian decision theory, parameter estimation methods, Hidden Markov Models, dimension reduction methods, non-parametric techniques, linear discriminant function based classifier (Perceptron, Support Vector Machines).

    Introduction to Industrial Management (HSMC-501)

    • Semester: V
    • Credit Points: 3
    • Teaching Scheme: 2 hours theory/week
    • Course Objectives: Students should acquire knowledge of the basic principles of industrial management and organizational structure. Topics include definition, types and factors in organization structures, and the concept of division of labor.
    • Module Details: Introduction to Industrial Management; Concepts; types, parameters, variables and behaviour; Management definitions; organizational structure, definitions, goals, factors considered in formulating structure; Types of organizations; Advantages/Disadvantages/Applications; Division of labour, span of control, delegation; Organizational culture and climate; Moral factors; Job satisfaction; Factory acts and labour la

    Cloud Computing (PECAIML501A)

    • Semester: V
    • Credit Points: 3
    • Teaching Scheme: 3 hrs./week theory
    • Unit 1: Definition of Cloud computing and its basics (cloud types, deployment types, service models- IaaS, PaaS, SaaS). Cloud Reference Model, Infrastructure, Platforms, Virtual Appliances, Communication Protocols, Application development; Usage of PaaS; Application frameworks; Google applications portfolio.
    • Unit 2: Use of platforms in Cloud computing (Mobility patterns, Load balancing, Application Delivery Controllers and Networks, Hypervisors); Porting of applications into the Cloud;Concepts of Platform as a Service, PaaS, and Distinction between SaaS and PaaS (examples of Salesforce.com and Force.com);
    • Unit 3: Cloud Management: Overview of network management, Lifecycle Management of Cloud services; Concept of Security concerns, Security mapping, data security, storage, and identity management; Cloud Transactions; functionality mapping.
    • Unit 4: Cloud infrastructure; Cloud Management; Concepts of services and applications-Service Oriented Architecture.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in probability and statistics as outlined in the PCCAIML 501 course. Students will explore topics including random variables, central tendency, correlation, and regression. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding through various statistical techniques.

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