1_3_1 Section 1 – Attacks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities - 1.3 – Application Attacks

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How can an attacker gain elevated rights on a system?

By running malicious software

By avoiding antivirus software

By exploiting a privilege escalation vulnerability (correct)

By always using the administrative account

What is privilege escalation vulnerability?

A flaw that only affects administrative accounts

A flaw that protects user resources

A flaw that allows a normal user to gain extended capabilities (correct)

A flaw in antivirus software

In what way can privilege escalation occur horizontally?

Gaining higher access levels than the root account

Using antivirus software effectively

Avoiding system patches

One user gaining access to the same resources as another user (correct)

What is a common preventive measure against privilege escalation?

Patching vulnerabilities quickly Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for antivirus and anti-malware software to be aware of privilege escalation vulnerabilities?

To prevent malicious software from taking advantage of vulnerabilities Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider and address privilege escalation vulnerabilities swiftly?

They have a higher priority associated with them Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the safeguards in place to prevent privileged escalation?

Memory randomization Signup and view all the answers

Which vulnerability prevention technique blocks running applications from the data section of memory?

Data execution prevention Signup and view all the answers

What impact does memory randomization have on attackers?

Prevents attackers from taking advantage of fixed memory locations Signup and view all the answers

In the context of privileged escalation, what does CBE 2020-1530 refer to?

A specific vulnerability Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to ensure that operating systems have the latest security patches?

To prevent privileged escalation attacks Signup and view all the answers

Which Windows operating systems are susceptible to the Windows Remote Access Elevation of Privileged Vulnerability?

Windows 7, 8.1, and 10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding privilege escalation vulnerabilities?

Gaining higher level access using normal user credentials Signup and view all the answers

How is horizontal privilege escalation different from traditional privilege escalation?

It allows access to resources of users at the same level Signup and view all the answers

Why are privilege escalation vulnerabilities considered high priority?

They can allow unauthorized elevated access Signup and view all the answers

How can privilege escalation vulnerabilities be mitigated?

By timely patching and updates Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario might a user exploit a horizontal privilege escalation vulnerability?

To gain access to resources of other users at the same level Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical role of antivirus and anti-malware software in addressing privilege escalation vulnerabilities?

Detecting and stopping malicious software exploiting vulnerabilities Signup and view all the answers

What security feature is implemented to prevent attackers from running applications from the data section of memory?

Data execution prevention Signup and view all the answers

How does data execution prevention contribute to preventing privilege escalation?

By blocking the execution of applications from the data memory section Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the impact of memory randomization on attackers?

It hinders attackers from predicting the location of vulnerable memory addresses Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, which scenario would indicate successful privilege escalation for an attacker?

Running a single program to gain elevated access Signup and view all the answers

How does having the latest security patches on an operating system help mitigate privilege escalation vulnerabilities?

It provides protection against known security flaws and vulnerabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which operating system was specifically mentioned to be susceptible to the Windows Remote Access Elevation of Privileged Vulnerability?

Windows 8.1 Signup and view all the answers

What does XSS stand for in the context of cross-site scripting?

Cross-Site Scripting Signup and view all the answers

Why is cross-site scripting known as a vulnerability?

It enables sharing of information between different websites. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with non-persistent cross-site scripting attacks?

Disclosure of sensitive information to the attacker. Signup and view all the answers

How do attackers exploit vulnerabilities in web-based applications for cross-site scripting?

By manipulating user input to execute scripts. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason for developers to be cautious about handling user input in web applications?

To mitigate cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What makes JavaScript a potential tool for attackers in cross-site scripting attacks?

It can retrieve information from user browsers. Signup and view all the answers

What issue did the individual face with the login token on the Subaru website?

The token never expired Signup and view all the answers

Why is it cautioned against clicking links in emails?

To avoid cross-site scripting attacks Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with the cross-site scripting vulnerability on the Subaru website?

Unauthorized access to user accounts Signup and view all the answers

What suggestion is given regarding handling emails with links?

Visit websites directly instead of clicking links Signup and view all the answers

How can developers help prevent cross-site scripting vulnerabilities on their websites?

Implement field validation on websites Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for users concerned about malicious JavaScript in emails?

Disable JavaScript or use security tools for managing it Signup and view all the answers

What type of link does the attacker need the victim to click in a reflective cross-site scripting attack?

A specific link sent through email Signup and view all the answers

What is a common payload that an attacker gathers from a victim's machine during a cross-site scripting attack?

Session IDs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cross-site scripting attack can be stored permanently on a server?

Persistent cross-site scripting Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a user interacts with a stored cross-site scripting attack on a webpage?

The user's machine runs the malicious script. Signup and view all the answers

What could an attacker gain access to by acquiring a victim's session ID information?

User credentials Signup and view all the answers

In a reflective cross-site scripting attack, what typically happens when the victim clicks the malicious link?

An alert is shown on the victim's screen. Signup and view all the answers

Why is reflective cross-site scripting different from stored cross-site scripting?

Reflective attacks target specific users. Signup and view all the answers

What might an attacker embed at the end of a credit card number in a web application to execute a script?

.html JavaScript code snippet Signup and view all the answers

How does a stored cross-site scripting attack spread among users?

By social media likes and shares Signup and view all the answers

What was Aaron Guzman's contribution to understanding cross-site scripting vulnerabilities?

Discovered a security flaw on the Subaru website Signup and view all the answers

What abbreviation is commonly associated with cross-site scripting?

XSS Signup and view all the answers

Why is cross-site scripting referred to as a vulnerability?

It allows sharing information between websites Signup and view all the answers

What type of vulnerability is a non-persistent cross-site scripting attack also known as?

Reflected Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial for developers to prevent scripting vulnerabilities in web applications?

To protect against potential attacks Signup and view all the answers

What can attackers achieve through a reflected cross-site scripting attack on a vulnerable website?

Gain access to users' session IDs Signup and view all the answers

What common technology is exploited by attackers in conjunction with a vulnerable website in cross-site scripting attacks?

JavaScript Signup and view all the answers

What allowed the individual to connect back to the Subaru website without having to log in with their username and password?

Security token Signup and view all the answers

What risk did the individual face due to the non-expiring token on the Subaru website?

Privilege escalation Signup and view all the answers

How could an attacker potentially exploit the cross-site scripting vulnerability on the Subaru website?

Inject malicious scripts Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a practical option to manage the use of JavaScript on modern websites?

Disabling JavaScript entirely Signup and view all the answers

How can website developers help mitigate cross-site scripting vulnerabilities on their sites?

Validating all website fields Signup and view all the answers

Why is clicking links in emails cautioned against in the text?

To deter cross-site scripting attacks Signup and view all the answers

What type of link does the attacker need the victim to click in a reflective cross-site scripting attack?

A link that triggers malicious scripts Signup and view all the answers

Why might an attacker embed a script at the end of a credit card number in a web application?

To execute malicious scripts when the credit card number is processed Signup and view all the answers

How does a stored cross-site scripting attack differ from a reflective attack?

Reflective attacks target individual users, stored attacks affect all visitors Signup and view all the answers

What kind of information could an attacker acquire by obtaining a victim's session ID?

User credentials or session IDs Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to ensure that operating systems have the latest security patches?

To mitigate vulnerabilities that attackers could exploit Signup and view all the answers

What is a common payload that an attacker often gathers from a victim's machine during a cross-site scripting attack?

Session IDs or user credentials Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens when a user interacts with a stored cross-site scripting attack on a webpage?

The user's machine runs the malicious script automatically Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with non-persistent cross-site scripting attacks?

Potential spread of malicious scripts over social media. Signup and view all the answers

Why is cross-site scripting known as a vulnerability?

It allows attackers to inject and execute scripts on webpages. Signup and view all the answers

What scenario indicates successful privilege escalation for an attacker?

An attacker elevates their own permissions without detection. Signup and view all the answers

1_3_1 Section 1 – Attacks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities - 1.3 – Application Attacks - Privilege Escalation

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Questions and Answers

How can an attacker gain elevated rights on a system?

What is privilege escalation vulnerability?

In what way can privilege escalation occur horizontally?

What is a common preventive measure against privilege escalation?

What is the main reason for antivirus and anti-malware software to be aware of privilege escalation vulnerabilities?

Why is it important to consider and address privilege escalation vulnerabilities swiftly?

What is one of the safeguards in place to prevent privileged escalation?

Which vulnerability prevention technique blocks running applications from the data section of memory?

What impact does memory randomization have on attackers?

In the context of privileged escalation, what does CBE 2020-1530 refer to?

Why is it crucial to ensure that operating systems have the latest security patches?

Which Windows operating systems are susceptible to the Windows Remote Access Elevation of Privileged Vulnerability?

What is the main concern regarding privilege escalation vulnerabilities?

How is horizontal privilege escalation different from traditional privilege escalation?

Why are privilege escalation vulnerabilities considered high priority?

How can privilege escalation vulnerabilities be mitigated?

In what scenario might a user exploit a horizontal privilege escalation vulnerability?

What is the critical role of antivirus and anti-malware software in addressing privilege escalation vulnerabilities?

What security feature is implemented to prevent attackers from running applications from the data section of memory?

How does data execution prevention contribute to preventing privilege escalation?

Which statement accurately describes the impact of memory randomization on attackers?

In the context of the text, which scenario would indicate successful privilege escalation for an attacker?

How does having the latest security patches on an operating system help mitigate privilege escalation vulnerabilities?

Which operating system was specifically mentioned to be susceptible to the Windows Remote Access Elevation of Privileged Vulnerability?

What does XSS stand for in the context of cross-site scripting?

Why is cross-site scripting known as a vulnerability?

What is the main risk associated with non-persistent cross-site scripting attacks?

How do attackers exploit vulnerabilities in web-based applications for cross-site scripting?

What is a common reason for developers to be cautious about handling user input in web applications?

What makes JavaScript a potential tool for attackers in cross-site scripting attacks?

What issue did the individual face with the login token on the Subaru website?

Why is it cautioned against clicking links in emails?

What risk is associated with the cross-site scripting vulnerability on the Subaru website?

What suggestion is given regarding handling emails with links?

How can developers help prevent cross-site scripting vulnerabilities on their websites?

What is recommended for users concerned about malicious JavaScript in emails?

What type of link does the attacker need the victim to click in a reflective cross-site scripting attack?

What is a common payload that an attacker gathers from a victim's machine during a cross-site scripting attack?

Which type of cross-site scripting attack can be stored permanently on a server?

What happens when a user interacts with a stored cross-site scripting attack on a webpage?

What could an attacker gain access to by acquiring a victim's session ID information?

In a reflective cross-site scripting attack, what typically happens when the victim clicks the malicious link?

Why is reflective cross-site scripting different from stored cross-site scripting?

What might an attacker embed at the end of a credit card number in a web application to execute a script?

How does a stored cross-site scripting attack spread among users?

What was Aaron Guzman's contribution to understanding cross-site scripting vulnerabilities?

What abbreviation is commonly associated with cross-site scripting?

Why is cross-site scripting referred to as a vulnerability?

What type of vulnerability is a non-persistent cross-site scripting attack also known as?

Why is it crucial for developers to prevent scripting vulnerabilities in web applications?

What can attackers achieve through a reflected cross-site scripting attack on a vulnerable website?

What common technology is exploited by attackers in conjunction with a vulnerable website in cross-site scripting attacks?

What allowed the individual to connect back to the Subaru website without having to log in with their username and password?

What risk did the individual face due to the non-expiring token on the Subaru website?

How could an attacker potentially exploit the cross-site scripting vulnerability on the Subaru website?

What is suggested as a practical option to manage the use of JavaScript on modern websites?

How can website developers help mitigate cross-site scripting vulnerabilities on their sites?

Why is clicking links in emails cautioned against in the text?

What type of link does the attacker need the victim to click in a reflective cross-site scripting attack?

Why might an attacker embed a script at the end of a credit card number in a web application?

How does a stored cross-site scripting attack differ from a reflective attack?

What kind of information could an attacker acquire by obtaining a victim's session ID?

Why is it crucial to ensure that operating systems have the latest security patches?

What is a common payload that an attacker often gathers from a victim's machine during a cross-site scripting attack?

What typically happens when a user interacts with a stored cross-site scripting attack on a webpage?

What risk is associated with non-persistent cross-site scripting attacks?

Why is cross-site scripting known as a vulnerability?

What scenario indicates successful privilege escalation for an attacker?

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