53 Questions
What is a key principle to consider when selecting a tendon for transfer?
Phasic vs. non-phasic nature of the tendon
According to the principles of tendon transfers, what should be the power grade of the muscle after transfer?
Lose at least 1 grade of power
What is the main concern associated with side-to-side lengthening or transfers?
Risk of slippage
Which technique involves securing tendons to bone using a trephine or screw and washer?
Suture Anchor
In tendon-to-bone transfers, what is the primary concern when securing the tendon?
Preventing slippage
What aspect should be considered when transferring a weak muscle that acts as a deforming force?
Transfer even weak muscles acting as deforming forces
Which of the following best describes tendon transposition?
Rerouting a muscle tendon with detachment
What is the purpose of muscle-tendon transplantation?
Moving a muscle tendon to a new location with its neurovascular support
In tendon suspension procedures, what is the primary goal?
Supporting a structure using tendon procedures
What distinguishes tendon transfer from tendon transplantation?
Detaching a muscle tendon at both its origin and insertion for movement
Which of the following is a key principle of tendon transfers?
Detachment of functioning muscle tendons and their movement to new positions
What does tendon detaching at its insertion and then relocating to a new attachment describe?
Tendon transfer
Which of the following is NOT a principle of tendon transfers?
Minimizing the number of tendon transfers performed
Which type of tendon transfer involves attaching the tendon to a bone or other fixed structure?
Tendon suspension
In a tendon transfer, which of the following is the most important consideration for preserving tendon excursion?
Maintaining the original tendon length
Which type of tendon transfer involves moving a tendon to a new attachment site while preserving its original muscle-tendon unit?
Tendon transposition
What is the primary purpose of a tendon transfer in the treatment of paralytic conditions?
To restore muscle-tendon function
Which type of tendon transfer involves replacing a non-functioning muscle-tendon unit with a functioning one?
Muscle-tendon transplantation
Which type of tendon transfer involves attaching the tendon to a bone or other fixed structure?
Tendon-to-bone transfer
What is the primary purpose of a tendon transfer in the treatment of paralytic conditions?
To restore muscle function and joint stability
In tendon suspension procedures, what is the primary goal?
To stabilize the joint
Which technique involves securing tendons to bone using a trephine or screw and washer?
Tendon-to-bone transfer
What is the main concern associated with side-to-side lengthening or transfers?
Reduced tendon excursion
Which type of tendon transfer involves moving a tendon to a new attachment site while preserving its original muscle-tendon unit?
Tendon transposition
Which of the following describes a tendon transposition?
Rerouting the course of a normal muscle-tendon unit without detachment
What is the primary purpose of a muscle-tendon transplantation?
To replace a non-functioning muscle-tendon unit with a functioning one
Which principle should be considered when selecting a tendon for transfer?
The transferred tendon should have an adequate excursion to perform the desired function
In a tendon suspension procedure, what is the primary goal?
To provide support to a structure by attaching a tendon to bone
What distinguishes a tendon transfer from a muscle-tendon transplantation?
In a tendon transfer, the muscle-tendon unit is not detached from its origin or insertion
According to the principles of tendon transfers, what should be the power grade of the muscle after transfer?
The power grade should be equal to or greater than the desired function
Which of the following is a key principle when considering a tendon for transfer?
The tendon should be phasic
What is the primary goal of tendon suspension procedures?
To preserve tendon excursion
When securing a tendon to bone in a tendon-to-bone transfer, what is the primary concern?
Achieving a strong attachment
What distinguishes tendon transfer from tendon transplantation?
Tendon transfer involves detaching a tendon from its insertion and relocating it to a new attachment site, while tendon transplantation involves moving a tendon to a new attachment site while preserving its original muscle-tendon unit.
According to the principles of tendon transfers, what should be the power grade of the muscle after the transfer?
The muscle should have a power grade of M4 or M5
What is the main purpose of the paratenon?
To prevent bowstringing
Which statement best describes the function of a tendon sheath?
Allows tendons to glide like a piston in a cylinder
During which phase of tendon healing does the proliferative phase occur?
Proliferative phase
What is the primary objective of tendon repair during the inflammatory phase?
Initiating cell proliferation and matrix synthesis
What is the main difference between paratenon and tendon sheath in terms of function?
Paratenon is found in tendons with curves while tendon sheath surrounds straight-pull tendons.
What is the overarching goal of the remodeling phase in tendon healing?
To strengthen and enhance flexibility in the healed tendon
During the inflammatory stage of tendon healing, which of the following components is responsible for digesting necrotic debris at the wound site?
Macrophages
In the proliferative or repair stage of tendon healing, which cells are involved in profuse synthetic activity and are directed by macrophages?
Tenocytes
Which phase of tendon healing is characterized by the formation of a temporary matrix rich in Type III collagen?
Proliferative phase
What is the primary purpose of a fibrin clot during the inflammatory stage of tendon healing?
To provide temporary stiffness
Which cell type is particularly stimulated to proliferate during the inflammatory stage of tendon healing?
Tenocytes
What is a characteristic shift that occurs with macrophages as healing progresses from the inflammatory to the proliferative stage?
They transition from phagocytic to reparative
What is the primary purpose of the remodeling phase in tendon healing?
To align the extracellular matrix and restore pre-injury biomechanical properties
Which type of tendon repair technique involves debridement of the tendon ends and wrapping the tendon in a tubular structure?
Debridement with tubulerization
What is the primary purpose of a tendon transfer procedure?
To restore function to a paralyzed muscle
Which phase of tendon healing is characterized by the deposition of a temporary, mechanically inferior matrix composed mostly of collagen III?
Proliferative phase
Which of the following is a key principle to consider when selecting a tendon for transfer?
The tendon should have the same excursion as the target tendon
What is the primary concern when securing a tendon to bone in a tendon-to-bone transfer?
Preventing the tendon from slipping or detaching from the bone
Test your knowledge on the principles of tendon transfers including factors like phasic nature of the tendon, range of movement, and muscle power requirements. Identify key considerations when selecting tendons for transfer.
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