Principles of Reflection Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the law of reflection?

  • The angle of incidence is double the angle of reflection
  • The angle of reflection is always 90 degrees
  • The angle of reflection is always 180 degrees
  • The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection (correct)

In which field is reflection used to study seismic waves?

  • Chemistry
  • Astronomy
  • Geology (correct)
  • Botany

What type of reflection is mirror-like?

  • Specular reflection (correct)
  • Diffuse reflection
  • Regular reflection
  • Irregular reflection

Which waves can be reflected at shallow angles with special 'grazing' mirrors?

<p>Hard X-rays and gamma rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which field is reflection important for radio transmission and radar?

<p>Electromagnetic waves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the etymology of the word 'alkali'?

<p>The word 'alkali' is derived from Arabic al qalīy (or alkali), meaning the calcined ashes, referring to the original source of alkaline substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is an alkali defined in chemistry?

<p>An alkali is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. It can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of a solution of a soluble base?

<p>A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the term 'alkaline' commonly used in English?

<p>The term 'alkaline' is commonly used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water, likely because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base and are still among the most common bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is potash composed mostly of?

<p>Potash is composed mostly of potassium carbonate, and it was derived from a water-extract of burned plant ashes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the etymology of the word 'alkali'?

<p>The word 'alkali' is derived from Arabic al qalīy (or alkali), meaning the calcined ashes (see calcination), referring to the original source of alkaline substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the term 'alkaline' commonly used in English?

<p>The adjective alkaline, and less often, alkalescent, is commonly used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of a solution of a soluble base?

<p>A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is potash composed mostly of?

<p>A water-extract of burned plant ashes, called potash, is composed mostly of potassium carbonate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an alkali be defined in chemistry?

<p>An alkali is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. It can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of chemical bonds mentioned in the text?

<p>Ionic bonds and covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of 'weak bonds' or 'secondary bonds' mentioned in the text?

<p>Dipole–dipole interactions, the London dispersion force, and hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do electrons contribute to the formation of chemical bonds?

<p>Electrons shared between two nuclei are attracted to both of them, stabilizing the paired nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stabilizes the paired nuclei in the context of chemical bonding?

<p>Constructive quantum mechanical wavefunction interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the optimal distance between bonded nuclei?

<p>Bond distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of chemical bonds mentioned in the text?

<p>Ionic bonds and covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the examples of 'strong bonds' or 'primary bonds' mentioned in the text?

<p>Covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the examples of 'weak bonds' or 'secondary bonds' mentioned in the text?

<p>Dipole–dipole interactions, the London dispersion force, and hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stabilizes the paired nuclei in the context of chemical bonding?

<p>Constructive quantum mechanical wavefunction interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintains an optimal distance between bonded nuclei?

<p>Balancing attractive forces and repulsive forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

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