Principles of Management Chapter 2

<p>An organizational hierarchy of authority (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal contacts and relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The need to increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Job specialization and division of labor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By focusing solely on technical skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changing external environments affecting organizations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing principles of administration and organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A focus on measuring and controlling performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantitative techniques for performance management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding person-task relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased efficiency and reduced boredom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Informal authority can stem from personal skills and leadership ability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employees should receive orders from only one superior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limiting the chain of command for efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decentralization allows for greater decision-making at all levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single plan of action to guide efforts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal treatment regardless of personal connections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the use of organizational charts to clarify roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employees should be allowed to be innovative and creative. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discipline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By improving organizational efficiency through long-term employee skills. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their performance impacts the overall organization’s performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encourages feelings of comradeship and dedication to common goals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authority should align with the level of knowledge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Worker productivity increased regardless of light illumination changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging high levels of commitment to organizational goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide vital information for effective decision making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system that transforms external resources into goods and services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characteristics of the external environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centralized authority with strict discipline. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gains from combined efforts of individuals and departments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decentralization of authority throughout the organization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maximizes control and efficiency in processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External forces and conditions that influence the organization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Workers' attitudes toward their managers affect their performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Training supervisors to enhance cooperation and productivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As apathetic and avoiding responsibility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Workers seek to do well and need supportive management. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To utilize rigorous quantitative techniques for resource optimization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear and nonlinear programming. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing input, conversion, and output processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organization's production processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of ideas about how to manage organizations effectively, driven by the need for increased efficiency and effectiveness.

Breaking down tasks into smaller, specialized roles to increase efficiency and productivity.

Matching people's skills and abilities to their tasks to maximize efficiency in a workplace.

Essential guidelines for creating and managing effective organizations.

The way managers motivate and control employees for improved organizational performance.

Shift in production from smaller, individual crafts to larger, factory-based mass production

A period of significant industrial change leading to factories and mass production.

How the outside world influences how organizations operate and what managers do.

A formal organizational structure with clear rules and procedures to maximize efficiency and effectiveness.

The power to hold people accountable and make decisions about resources.

A clear structure showing who reports to whom within an organization.

Formal written instructions specifying actions in different circumstances to achieve goals.

Specific sets of written instructions for performing tasks.

Unwritten, informal codes of conduct prescribing how people act in situations.

Holding employees responsible for their actions when responsibilities are clear.

A theory proposing a formal system of organization and administration to increase operational efficiency.

Job specialization increases efficiency, crucial to lessen worker boredom.

Formal and informal authority, not just position, matters for leading and commitment.

Employees report to only one superior.

Short chain of command to maintain efficiency, ideally limit the length.

Distribute authority, not centralize it, throughout the organization.

Clear plan for the organization, guiding all people involved to the same goal.

Treat all members of the organization fairly and with respect.

Arrange organizational positions for maximum efficiency and employee satisfaction.

Managers should encourage employees to be creative and come up with new ideas. This promotes innovation and problem-solving within the organization.

Maintaining order and respect within the organization, achieved through clear rules, fair leadership, and consistent enforcement. This leads to a productive and harmonious workplace.

The system used to pay employees should be fair and equitable to both employees and the organization. This ensures motivation and satisfaction.

Long-term employees develop valuable skills that can benefit the organization. High employee turnover can disrupt efficiency, so managers should aim for stability.

Employees should understand how their individual actions contribute to the success of the entire organization. This fosters a sense of collective responsibility.

Creating a sense of shared purpose, enthusiasm, and team spirit within the organization. This fosters strong bonds and a positive work environment.

Focuses on how managers should interact with employees to motivate them to perform at their best and achieve organizational goals. It emphasizes the human side of management.

Follett believed that Taylor's management approach ignored the importance of people. She advocated involving employees in decision-making, considering their perspectives, and empowering them to contribute.

The phenomenon where workers' performance improves when they know they're being observed or studied, regardless of actual changes in work conditions.

A management approach that emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior and relationships in the workplace to improve productivity.

Assumes workers are inherently lazy, dislike work, and need close supervision and control through rewards and punishments.

Assumes workers are motivated, want to do good work, and can take responsibility. Managers should create a supportive environment to unleash their potential.

A management approach that uses quantitative techniques (like math and statistics) to improve efficiency and decision-making in organizations.

Using mathematical models and simulations to optimize various aspects of an organization, such as inventory levels or factory locations.

Techniques used to analyze and improve the production processes within an organization.

A management philosophy that aims to improve every aspect of an organization by focusing on customer satisfaction and continuous improvement.

The forces and conditions outside an organization that influence its ability to get resources and operate effectively.

An organization that interacts with its external environment, taking in resources and transforming them into goods or services for customers.

The combined effort of different parts of an organization leading to better outcomes than if they worked alone.

The idea that the best organizational structure depends on the specific situation and external environment.

A highly centralized organization with strict rules, clear roles, and close supervision. Best for stable environments.

A decentralized organization with flexible roles, less formal rules, and more adaptable to change. Ideal for dynamic environments.

Centralized authority, strict discipline, clearly defined tasks and roles, and close monitoring of employees. Best suited for stable environments.

Decentralized authority, less formal rules, flexible roles, and a focus on adaptability. Best suited for dynamic environments.