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Questions and Answers
Principles of learning have been applied to zoo environments to improve animal welfare and psychological wellbeing, particularly in the area of ____ ____ .
behavioural enrichment
Principles of learning have been applied to zoo environments to improve animal welfare and psychological wellbeing, particularly in the area of behavioural enrichment. Such behavioural enrichment serves two main purposes: provision of ____ and ____challenges facilitates ____ ____ , and physical and psychological wellbeing, thereby enhancing ‘’ ____ of ____"(Shepherdson, 1998)
behavioural, cognitive, normal, development, quality life
In ____ ____ animals can usually escape from severe conflict situations. For example, to avoid fighting with a conspecific, the animal can offer appeasement/submissive gestures or flee.
natural environments
In ____ ____— animals cannot escape from conflict situations, which can lead to extreme stress and may result in ____ ____ .
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Stereotypic behaviours are:
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Stereotypic behaviours are:
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Stereotypic behaviours are:
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Examples of stereotypic behaviours include: “____, ____ ____, weaving, ___ ____, ____ ____, wind sucking, ____ ____ and many other normal behaviours which are performed for an ____ ____ of time or in ____ ____”
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Daniel Landrigan (1998), an Honours student at UniSA (Psychology), attempted to reduce stereotyped pacing in a pair of Malayan sun bears at Adelaide Zoo by designing a foraging task based on ____ __ ____ ____:
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Vanessa Mills (1998), a PhD student at Adelaide University (Psychology), provided three species of predator with the opportunity to perform simulated hunting behaviour. The behaviour systems approach (ecological learning theory) provided a theoretical framework—combining ____ of ____ and ____ ____ .
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One of the studies conducted by Monique Kardos (1999), a PhD student at Adelaide University (Psychology), investigated whether foraging patterns of three male meerkats and a dwarf mongoose group were sensitive to the presence and frequency of aerial predators. She was interested in whether they could tell the difference, or discriminate between, predatory and non-predatory birds. Multiple presentations resulted in increased ____ rather than ____indicating that ____ towards the predatory silhouettes was taking place.
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Study Notes
Principles of Learning in Zoo Environments
- Principles of learning have been applied to zoo environments to improve animal welfare and psychological wellbeing, particularly in the area of behavioural enrichment.
- Behavioural enrichment serves two main purposes: provision of mental and physical challenges, and promoting physical and psychological wellbeing, thereby enhancing the quality of life.
Stereotypic Behaviours
- In natural environments, animals can usually escape from severe conflict situations by offering appeasement/submissive gestures or fleeing.
- In captive environments, animals cannot escape from conflict situations, which can lead to extreme stress and may result in stereotypic behaviours.
- Stereotypic behaviours are abnormal behaviours performed for an abnormally long time or in abnormal contexts.
- Examples of stereotypic behaviours include pacing, self-mutilation, weaving, and many other normal behaviours that are performed excessively.
Reducing Stereotypic Behaviours
- Daniel Landrigan (1998) attempted to reduce stereotyped pacing in a pair of Malayan sun bears at Adelaide Zoo by designing a foraging task based on problem-solving.
- Vanessa Mills (1998) provided three species of predator with the opportunity to perform simulated hunting behaviour using the behaviour systems approach (ecological learning theory).
- Monique Kardos (1999) investigated whether foraging patterns of three male meerkats and a dwarf mongoose group were sensitive to the presence and frequency of aerial predators.
- Multiple presentations resulted in increased vigilance rather than habituation, indicating that learning towards the predatory silhouettes was taking place.
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