Principles of Engineering Course Review

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does ABET stand for?

Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (correct)
Association of Biological Engineering Technologists
Advanced Bureau for Engineering Training
Applied Science and Engineering Board

What is the Actual Mechanical Advantage?

The ratio of the magnitude of the resistance and effort forces applied to a system.

What is a belt used for?

To transmit motion and power within a pulley system.

What defines a career?

A profession for which one trains and which is undertaken as a permanent calling. Signup and view all the answers

What is a chain in mechanical systems?

A series of usually metal links or rings connected to transmit motion and power within a sprocket system. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by Effort Force?

An external force applied to an object. Signup and view all the answers

How is efficiency defined?

The ratio of useful energy output to the total energy input. Signup and view all the answers

What is friction?

The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fulcrum?

The fixed point around which a lever rotates. Signup and view all the answers

What is a gear?

A circular toothed object used to transfer rotary motion and torque through interlocking teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Ideal Mechanical Advantage?

The ratio of distance traveled by the applied effort and resistance force within a system. Signup and view all the answers

What is an idler gear?

A gear positioned between the driver and the driven gear used to change rotational direction. Signup and view all the answers

What is a lever?

A rigid bar used to exert pressure or sustain weight by applying force at a different point. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a mechanism?

The structure or relationship of the parts in a machine. Signup and view all the answers

What is a moment?

The turning effect of a force about a point. Signup and view all the answers

What does pitch refer to in mechanics?

The distance between adjacent threads in a screw. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pulley?

A wheel with a groove that is used to change the direction or multiply a force exerted by a rope. Signup and view all the answers

What is Resistance Force?

The impeding effect exerted by one material object on another. Signup and view all the answers

What is a screw?

An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. Signup and view all the answers

What are simple machines?

Any of various elementary mechanisms including levers, wheels, pulleys, inclined planes, wedges, and screws. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sprocket?

A toothed wheel whose teeth engage the links of a chain. Signup and view all the answers

What is static equilibrium?

A condition where there are no net external forces acting upon a body at rest. Signup and view all the answers

What is technical communication?

Creating, designing, and transmitting technical information for easy understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What is torque?

A force that produces or tends to produce rotation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a wedge?

A substance that tapers to a thin edge for splitting or raising heavy bodies. Signup and view all the answers

What is a wheel and axle?

Two different sized circular objects that turn as one. Signup and view all the answers

What is an inclined plane?

A flat surface set at an angle for lifting objects. Signup and view all the answers

What is alternative energy?

Energy derived from sources that do not deplete natural resources. Signup and view all the answers

What is an ampere?

The basic unit of electric current. Signup and view all the answers

What is biomass?

Plant materials and animal waste used as fuel. Signup and view all the answers

What defines current in electrical terms?

The net transfer of electric charge per unit of time. Signup and view all the answers

What is electrical energy?

Energy caused by the movement of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is electricity?

The flow of electrical power or charge. Signup and view all the answers

What is electromagnetic induction?

The production of electricity in conductors using magnets. Signup and view all the answers

How is efficiency in dynamic systems defined?

The ratio of useful energy delivered to the energy supplied. Signup and view all the answers

What is energy?

A fundamental entity transferred in physical change, capacity for doing work. Signup and view all the answers

What does energy conservation refer to?

Changing one form of energy to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Environmental Protection Agency?

An organization developing and enforcing environmental laws. Signup and view all the answers

What are fossil fuels?

Natural fuels formed from the remains of living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a generator?

A machine for converting mechanical energy into electricity. Signup and view all the answers

What defines geothermal energy?

The use of heat from within the Earth or atmosphere. Signup and view all the answers

What is gravitational energy?

The state when objects are not yet in motion. Signup and view all the answers

What is induction in electric terms?

The production of an electric or magnetic state by proximity. Signup and view all the answers

What is inexhaustible energy?

An energy source that will never run out. Signup and view all the answers

What is kinetic energy?

Energy possessed by a body due to its motion. Signup and view all the answers

What is nonrenewable energy?

A resource that cannot be replaced once used. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of electric resistance?

Ohm, symbolized as Ω. Signup and view all the answers

What does Ohm's Law state?

The current in an electric circuit is proportional to the voltage. Signup and view all the answers

What is a parallel circuit?

A circuit where the current is divided into multiple paths. Signup and view all the answers

What is potential energy?

The energy due to the position or nature of matter. Signup and view all the answers

What does a power converter do?

Changes one form of power to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is a power grid?

A system that links electricity from power stations to consumers. Signup and view all the answers

What is renewable energy?

A resource that can be replaced when needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is resistance in electrical systems?

The opposition a device or material offers to current flow. Signup and view all the answers

What is work in mechanical terms?

A result of a force moving an object a certain distance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a turbine?

A machine producing power from a fast-moving fluid flow. Signup and view all the answers

What does power measure?

The rate at which work is performed or energy expended. Signup and view all the answers

What is a rotor?

The rotating member of an electrical machine. Signup and view all the answers

What is a series circuit?

A circuit where all parts are connected end to end. Signup and view all the answers

What is a volt?

The unit of potential difference. Signup and view all the answers

What does voltage represent?

The potential difference in an electric circuit. Signup and view all the answers

What is active solar energy collection?

A system using pumps and fans to collect and distribute heat. Signup and view all the answers

What is conduction?

The transfer of heat through matter by molecular activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is convection?

The transfer of heat by the movement of a mass or substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is electromagnetic energy?

A form of energy that travels through space as waves. Signup and view all the answers

What is electrolysis?

The process in which electric current produces a chemical reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What does entropy measure?

The amount of energy in a system unavailable for work. Signup and view all the answers

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

The law stating that the internal energy of a system remains constant. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fuel cell stack?

Individual fuel cells combined in series. Signup and view all the answers

What is heat?

Energy in transit due to a temperature difference. Signup and view all the answers

What is Kelvin?

The absolute temperature scale. Signup and view all the answers

What is a line of best fit?

A straight line that best represents data on a scatter plot. Signup and view all the answers

What is passive solar energy collection?

Systems that do not use moving parts to collect heat. Signup and view all the answers

What is the product development lifecycle?

Stages a product goes through from concept to withdrawal. Signup and view all the answers

What does radiation refer to in energy transfer?

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Signup and view all the answers

What is resistance?

The measurement of how difficult it is for charges to flow. Signup and view all the answers

What does R-value measure?

The measure of resistance to heat flow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

The law stating all natural processes proceed in a preferred direction. Signup and view all the answers

What is temperature?

The measure of thermal energy within a system. Signup and view all the answers

What is a thermodynamic system?

A part of the physical world defined by its thermodynamic properties. Signup and view all the answers

What is U-value?

A measure of heat transfer through a building component. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?

The law stating if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in equilibrium with each other. Signup and view all the answers

What does accuracy measure?

The quality of being true, correct, or exact. Signup and view all the answers

What is an assembly?

A group of machined or handmade parts that fit together. Signup and view all the answers

What is brainstorming?

A group technique for solving problems and generating ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What is a component in engineering?

A part or element of a larger whole. Signup and view all the answers

What does consensus refer to?

A general agreement. Signup and view all the answers

What is a constraint in design?

A limit to a design process. Signup and view all the answers

What is a decision matrix?

A tool for systematically ranking alternatives. Signup and view all the answers

What is a design brief?

A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved. Signup and view all the answers

What is design modification?

A change in the design of an item to improve effectiveness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the design process?

A systematic strategy used to develop solutions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a design statement?

A component of a design brief that describes what a solution should achieve. Signup and view all the answers

What is a designer?

A person who creates and plans various projects. Signup and view all the answers

What does open-ended mean?

Not having fixed limits; unrestricted. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pictorial sketch?

A sketch that shows an object's height, width, and depth. Signup and view all the answers

What is a problem statement?

A clear identification of a problem or need. Signup and view all the answers

What does purpose refer to in design?

The reason for which something is done or exists. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sketch?

A rough drawing representing an object's main features. Signup and view all the answers

What is solid modeling?

A type of 3D CAD modeling that represents the volume of an object. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Engineering Terminology Highlights

ABET: Recognized accreditor for college programs in applied science, computing, engineering, and technology.
Actual Mechanical Advantage: Ratio of resistance to effort forces in a system.
Belt: Continuous band transmitting motion and power in pulley systems.
Career: A permanent professional calling requiring specific training.
Chain: Series of metal links transmitting power in sprocket systems.

Mechanics and Forces

Effort Force: External force applied to an object.
Efficiency: Ratio of useful energy output to total energy input; indicates work conversion percentage.
Friction: Resistance encountered when one object moves over another.
Fulcrum: Fixed point around which a lever rotates.
Gear: Circular object with teeth for transferring rotary motion and torque.

Mechanical Advantage Concepts

Ideal Mechanical Advantage: Ratio of distances traveled by effort and resistance forces.
Idler Gear: Gear positioned to change rotational direction between driver and driven gears.
Lever: Rigid bar that exerts pressure or supports weight, rotating around a fulcrum.
Mechanism: Structure or relationship of parts in a machine.

Energy and its Forms

Potential Energy: Energy possessed by an object due to its position or arrangement.
Kinetic Energy: Energy of a body in motion.
Gravitational Energy: Potential energy associated with an object's position relative to gravity.
Fossil Fuel: Natural fuels formed from ancient living organisms, such as coal and gas.
Renewable Energy: Energy sources that can be replenished, such as wind and solar.

Electrical Concepts

Ampere: Basic unit of electric current in the SI system.
Ohm: Unit of electric resistance; symbolized as Ω.
Voltage: Potential difference in an electric circuit, measured in volts.
Parallel Circuit: Electrical circuit where current divides into multiple paths.
Series Circuit: Circuit where all parts are connected end to end.

Thermodynamics and Energy Transfer

First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy in a system remains constant; change in thermal energy equals work done.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Natural processes proceed in preferred directions, indicating entropy increases.
Conduction: Heat transfer through matter via molecular activity.
Convection: Heat transfer through fluid movement.
Radiation: Energy transfer through electromagnetic waves.

Design and Development Principles

Design Process: Systematic strategy for developing solutions, incorporating criteria and constraints.
Design Brief: Written plan identifying problems, criteria, and constraints for solutions.
Prototype: Early model used to test design concepts.
Consensus: General agreement among a group on design or project decisions.
Brainstorming: Collaborative technique to generate ideas or solutions spontaneously.

Environmental Considerations

Energy Conservation: Transformation of energy from one form to another; focuses on efficiency.
Environmental Protection Agency: Agency ensuring enforcement of environmental laws.
Biomass: Plant and animal materials utilized as fuel sources.
Geothermal Energy: Heat sourced from Earth’s core; environmentally sustainable.
Alternative Energy: Energy derived from non-depleting, environmentally friendly resources.

Product Lifecycle Management

Product Development Lifecycle: Stages a product goes through from concept to market withdrawal.
Design Modification: Changes made to improve production or effectiveness of a design.
Component: Individual part that fits into a larger assembly or mechanism.

Unit Measurements and Conversions

R-value: Measure of resistance to heat flow; important in thermal insulation.
U-value: Indicates the rate of heat transfer through a building element.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: Establishes thermal equilibrium among multiple bodies.

Understanding these key concepts in engineering provides foundational knowledge crucial for effective application and innovation in the field.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of important engineering principles with these flashcards. Covering key terms like ABET and mechanical advantage, this quiz is perfect for students preparing for their engineering exams. Enhance your understanding of engineering concepts and definitions.