Principles of Business Information Systems Chapter 4
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of an expert writing a book to teach others?

  • Tacit knowledge is being created from explicit knowledge
  • Explicit knowledge is being created from tacit knowledge (correct)
  • Knowledge workers are storing knowledge in a repository
  • Tacit knowledge is being shared through apprenticeship

    • What is an example of combining explicit knowledge to create new knowledge?

  • Creating a mash-up (correct)
  • Creating a mathematical model
  • Apprenticeship
  • Writing a book

    • What happens when someone reads a book and becomes an expert?

  • Explicit knowledge is being created from tacit knowledge
  • Knowledge workers are storing knowledge in a repository
  • Tacit knowledge is being shared through apprenticeship
  • Tacit knowledge is being created from explicit knowledge (correct)

    • What is the role of knowledge workers?

    <p>To create, use, and disseminate knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of storing knowledge?

    <p>Storing documents, reports, files, and databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of collaborative work software and group support systems?

    <p>To share knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of direct learning from an individual?

    <p>Tacit knowledge is being created from tacit knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of creating knowledge through two pieces of explicit knowledge?

    <p>Creating a mash-up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a metrologist?

    <p>To create a mathematical model to predict hurricane intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reading a book and eventually becoming an expert?

    <p>Tacit knowledge is being created from explicit knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a knowledge management system?

    <p>To locate an organization's knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a knowledge map or directory?

    <p>To locate an organization's knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for capturing and using knowledge?

    <p>Data mining and business intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of groupware in knowledge management?

    <p>To capture, store, and use knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to support most knowledge management systems?

    <p>Hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, and the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is artificial intelligence?

    <p>The ability of computers to mimic or duplicate functions of the human brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an artificial intelligence application?

    <p>Making medical diagnoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in an artificial intelligence system?

    <p>The people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of intelligence in artificial intelligence?

    <p>Developing machines with intelligent behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of enterprise resource planning tools?

    <p>To include knowledge management features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Explanation Facility in an Expert System?

    <p>To allow a user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Knowledge Base in an Expert System?

    <p>To store all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationships used by the expert system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Inference Engine in an Expert System?

    <p>To seek information and relationships from the knowledge base and provide answers, predictions, and suggestions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the User Interface in an Expert System?

    <p>To make development and use of an expert system easier for users and decision makers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Knowledge Acquisition Facility in an Expert System?

    <p>To provide a convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all components of the knowledge base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of an Expert System?

    <p>Database Management System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Knowledge Acquisition Facility in an Expert System?

    <p>To provide a convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all components of the knowledge base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Inference Engine in an Expert System?

    <p>To seek information and relationships from the knowledge base and provide answers, predictions, and suggestions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Explanation Facility in an Expert System?

    <p>To allow a user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an Expert System?

    <p>It is a system that solves complex problems for which all the information is not present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a knowledge management system?

    <p>To create, store, share, and use an organization's knowledge and experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of knowledge is objective and can be measured and documented?

    <p>Explicit knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of tacit knowledge?

    <p>Knowing how to negotiate a hostage situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system can enable a novice to perform at the level of an expert?

    <p>Expert system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Knowledge Management Systems

    • A knowledge management system (KMS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to create, store, share, and use the organization's knowledge and experience
    • Types of knowledge in a KMS:
      • Explicit knowledge: objective; can be measured and documented in reports, papers, and rules (e.g., knowing the best route from point A to B, can be documented in a report)
      • Tacit knowledge: hard to measure and document; typically, not objective or formalized (e.g., knowing how to negotiate a hostage situation, is difficult to describe in a set of rules)

    Technology to Support Knowledge Management

    • Effective KMS is based on learning new knowledge and changing procedures and approaches as a result
    • Organizational learning and change are key aspects of a KMS
    • Groupware can help capture, store, and use knowledge
    • Hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, and the Internet are needed to support most KMS
    • Examples of knowledge management products and services: IBM's Lotus Notes and Domino, Microsoft's Digital Dashboard, Web Store Technology, and Access Workflow Designer

    Artificial Intelligence

    • Artificial intelligence (AI): ability of computers to mimic or duplicate functions of the human brain
    • AI applications:
      • Medical diagnoses
      • Exploration for natural resources
      • Determining what is wrong with mechanical devices
      • Assisting in designing and developing other computer systems
    • Characteristics of intelligent behavior:
      • Learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from experience
      • Handle complex situations
      • Solve problems when important information is missing
      • Determine what is important
      • React quickly and correctly to new situations
      • Understand visual images
      • Process and manipulate symbols
      • Be creative and imaginative
      • Use heuristics

    Major Branches in AI

    • Expert systems: hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences similar to a human expert
    • Robotics: mechanical or computer devices that perform tasks requiring a high degree of precision or that are tedious or hazardous for humans
    • Vision systems: computer system that permits computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures
    • Natural language processing and voice recognition: computer system that understands and reacts to statements and commands made in a "natural" language
    • Learning systems: computer system that allows computer to change how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives
    • Neural networks: computer system that simulates the functioning of a human brain

    Expert Systems

    • Expert systems: computer system that stores knowledge and makes inferences similar to a human expert
    • Used in many business applications
    • Behave similarly to a human expert in a particular field
    • Use heuristics to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions
    • Explore new business possibilities, increase overall profitability, reduce costs, and provide superior service to customers and clients

    Virtual Reality

    • Virtual reality system: enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment
    • Immersive virtual reality: user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three-dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer
    • Interface devices:
      • Head-mounted display (HMD)
      • CAVE (projects stereo images on walls and floor of a room-sized cube)
      • Earphones
      • Haptic interface (relays sense of touch and other sensations in a virtual world)

    Summary

    • Knowledge management system (KMS): organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to create, store, share, and use the organization's knowledge and experience

    • Artificial intelligence (AI): ability of computers to mimic or duplicate functions of the human brain

    • Expert systems: computer system that stores knowledge and makes inferences similar to a human expert

    • Robotics: mechanical or computer devices that perform tasks requiring a high degree of precision or that are tedious or hazardous for humans

    • Virtual reality system: enables users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment### Knowledge Creation

    • Knowledge can be created in four ways:

      • Through direct learning from another individual, creating tacit knowledge from tacit knowledge
      • By combining two pieces of explicit knowledge, such as creating a website mash-up
      • When an expert writes a book, creating explicit knowledge from tacit knowledge
      • When someone reads a book and becomes an expert, creating tacit knowledge from explicit knowledge

    Obtaining, Storing, Sharing, and Using Knowledge

    • Knowledge workers create, use, and disseminate knowledge, often in teams
      • Examples of knowledge workers include metrologists, who create mathematical models to predict hurricane intensities, and medical researchers, who create knowledge on cures for diseases

    Storing Knowledge

    • Created knowledge is often stored in a knowledge repository, which includes:
      • Documents
      • Reports
      • Files
      • Databases

    Sharing Knowledge

    • Knowledge workers use collaborative work software and group support systems to share knowledge
    • Nontechnical approaches to sharing knowledge are also used in group settings

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of organizational knowledge and its application in business information systems, including knowledge maps and directories.

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