Principle of Double Effect

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant mark of maturity in humans?

  • Having a strong sense of culture
  • Being able to make impulsive decisions
  • Having a high level of intelligence
  • Cultivating rational and emotional faculties (correct)

What is necessary to make well-informed moral decisions?

  • The ability to make impulsive decisions
  • A clear grasp of ethical theories and moral frameworks only
  • Awareness of how one's culture shapes their personhood and a clear grasp of ethical theories and moral frameworks (correct)
  • A clear understanding of one's culture only

What is the outcome of cultivating rational and emotional faculties?

  • The cultivation of moral values
  • The ability to make sound and responsible decisions (correct)
  • The development of emotional intelligence
  • The ability to make impulsive decisions

What is the role of culture in shaping one's personhood?

<p>It has a significant impact on one's personhood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ethical theories and moral frameworks?

<p>They provide a clear guide for making moral decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of having an awareness of how one's culture shapes their personhood?

<p>The ability to make well-informed moral decisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle that justifies an act that produces both good and bad effects?

<p>The principle of double effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between rational and emotional faculties?

<p>They are complementary and work together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principle of double effect, what must be the relationship between the good effect and the act itself?

<p>The good effect must directly proceed from the act itself (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of cultivating rational and emotional faculties?

<p>To make sound and responsible decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fourth condition of the principle of double effect?

<p>The motive of the agent must be holy and honest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of abortion according to the provided text?

<p>The expulsion of a live embryo or a live but inviable fetus from the maternal womb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of the principle of double effect discussed in the text?

<p>Bioethical issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis of moral reasoning at the Conventional Level?

<p>Social rules and norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principle of double effect, what must be the relationship between the act and the evil effect?

<p>The act must be morally indifferent and have both good and evil effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first condition of the principle of double effect?

<p>The act must be morally good in itself or at least morally indifferent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Kohlberg, what is the highest level of moral reasoning that most people achieve?

<p>Post-Conventional Level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the principle of double effect?

<p>To determine the moral permissibility of an act that produces both good and bad effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of moral development does an individual prioritize being seen as a good person by others?

<p>Stage 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern at Stage 4 of moral development?

<p>Obeying rules to avoid guilt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Stage 5 of moral development?

<p>Consideration of individual rights and justice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of an individual at the Post-Conventional Level?

<p>Universal ethical principles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Stage 5 and Stage 6 of moral development?

<p>Stage 5 is based on self-chosen principles, while Stage 6 is based on universal principles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the example of a moral dilemma mentioned in the text?

<p>Heinz's dilemma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the surgeon removing the cancerous uterus in the first case?

<p>To save the life of the woman (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the moral effect of the surgeon's action in the first case?

<p>The saving of the woman's life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical effect of the surgeon's action in the first case?

<p>The fetus dies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the second case, what is the primary reason for taking the medicine?

<p>To ease Peter's severe pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle that can be applied to both the first and second cases?

<p>The principle of double effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of applying the principle of double effect in both cases?

<p>To distinguish between the intended and unintended consequences of an action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of subtopics required in a mind map?

<p>4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the criteria for a well-designed mind map?

<p>The map is well laid out, and the font is a good size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of having fewer than 2 ideas under each subtopic?

<p>The map is missing the required amount of ideas under each subtopic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the criteria for creativity in a mind map?

<p>The map uses colors that work well together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of having 3 or more spelling errors in a mind map?

<p>The map has 3 or more spelling errors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the iRubric: Mind Map Rubric?

<p>To evaluate the overall quality of a mind map. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the iRubric: Mind Map Rubric?

<p>Reazon Systems, Inc. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of the article by Bonde and Firenze?

<p>A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Principle of Double Effect

  • The principle of double effect states that an act that produces both good and bad effects may be morally permissible when it satisfies certain conditions.
  • The act must be morally good in itself, or at least morally indifferent.
  • The good effect must directly proceed from the act itself and not from the evil effect.
  • There must be sufficient reason for the performance of an act in its attainment of the good effect.
  • The motive of the agent must be holy and honest.

Application of Principle of Double Effect to Bioethical Issues

  • Example 1: Abortion is the expulsion of a live embryo or a live but inviable fetus from the maternal womb with the resulting death of the unborn.
  • In this case, removing the cancerous uterus to save the woman's life is a good moral object, and the death of the fetus is a physical effect, not a moral effect.
  • Example 2: A patient with stage four bone marrow cancer is suffering from excruciating pain and is given a medicine that can ease his pain but may shorten his life.
  • The principle of double effect can be applied to decide whether it is morally permissible to take this medicine.

The Moral Agent and Contexts

  • Maturity in humans involves cultivating rational and emotional faculties and harnessing them towards sound and responsible decision-making.
  • Awareness of how one's culture shapes their personhood and a clear grasp of ethical theories and moral frameworks are essential for making well-informed moral decisions.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

  • Conventional level: acceptance of social rules concerning right and wrong, with authority internalized but not questioned.
  • Post-conventional level: understanding of universal ethical principles, with self-chosen principles as the basis of individual judgment, and individual rights and justice as the basis of moral reasoning.
  • Stages of moral development:
    • Stage 3: Good interpersonal relationships
    • Stage 4: Maintaining the social order
    • Stage 5: Social contract and individual rights
    • Stage 6: Universal principles

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