38 Questions
What is a significant mark of maturity in humans?
Cultivating rational and emotional faculties
What is necessary to make well-informed moral decisions?
Awareness of how one's culture shapes their personhood and a clear grasp of ethical theories and moral frameworks
What is the outcome of cultivating rational and emotional faculties?
The ability to make sound and responsible decisions
What is the role of culture in shaping one's personhood?
It has a significant impact on one's personhood
What is the significance of ethical theories and moral frameworks?
They provide a clear guide for making moral decisions
What is the outcome of having an awareness of how one's culture shapes their personhood?
The ability to make well-informed moral decisions
What is the primary principle that justifies an act that produces both good and bad effects?
The principle of double effect
What is the relationship between rational and emotional faculties?
They are complementary and work together
According to the principle of double effect, what must be the relationship between the good effect and the act itself?
The good effect must directly proceed from the act itself
What is the ultimate goal of cultivating rational and emotional faculties?
To make sound and responsible decisions
What is the fourth condition of the principle of double effect?
The motive of the agent must be holy and honest
What is the definition of abortion according to the provided text?
The expulsion of a live embryo or a live but inviable fetus from the maternal womb
What is the primary application of the principle of double effect discussed in the text?
Bioethical issues
What is the primary basis of moral reasoning at the Conventional Level?
Social rules and norms
According to the principle of double effect, what must be the relationship between the act and the evil effect?
The act must be morally indifferent and have both good and evil effects
What is the first condition of the principle of double effect?
The act must be morally good in itself or at least morally indifferent
According to Kohlberg, what is the highest level of moral reasoning that most people achieve?
Post-Conventional Level
What is the purpose of the principle of double effect?
To determine the moral permissibility of an act that produces both good and bad effects
At which stage of moral development does an individual prioritize being seen as a good person by others?
Stage 3
What is the primary concern at Stage 4 of moral development?
Obeying rules to avoid guilt
What is the main characteristic of Stage 5 of moral development?
Consideration of individual rights and justice
What is the primary focus of an individual at the Post-Conventional Level?
Universal ethical principles
What is the main difference between Stage 5 and Stage 6 of moral development?
Stage 5 is based on self-chosen principles, while Stage 6 is based on universal principles
What is the example of a moral dilemma mentioned in the text?
Heinz's dilemma
What is the primary goal of the surgeon removing the cancerous uterus in the first case?
To save the life of the woman
What is the moral effect of the surgeon's action in the first case?
The saving of the woman's life
What is the physical effect of the surgeon's action in the first case?
The fetus dies
In the second case, what is the primary reason for taking the medicine?
To ease Peter's severe pain
What is the principle that can be applied to both the first and second cases?
The principle of double effect
What is the ultimate goal of applying the principle of double effect in both cases?
To distinguish between the intended and unintended consequences of an action
What is the minimum number of subtopics required in a mind map?
4
What is the criteria for a well-designed mind map?
The map is well laid out, and the font is a good size.
What is the consequence of having fewer than 2 ideas under each subtopic?
The map is missing the required amount of ideas under each subtopic.
What is the criteria for creativity in a mind map?
The map uses colors that work well together.
What is the consequence of having 3 or more spelling errors in a mind map?
The map has 3 or more spelling errors.
What is the purpose of the iRubric: Mind Map Rubric?
To evaluate the overall quality of a mind map.
What is the source of the iRubric: Mind Map Rubric?
Reazon Systems, Inc.
What is the topic of the article by Bonde and Firenze?
A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions.
Study Notes
Principle of Double Effect
- The principle of double effect states that an act that produces both good and bad effects may be morally permissible when it satisfies certain conditions.
- The act must be morally good in itself, or at least morally indifferent.
- The good effect must directly proceed from the act itself and not from the evil effect.
- There must be sufficient reason for the performance of an act in its attainment of the good effect.
- The motive of the agent must be holy and honest.
Application of Principle of Double Effect to Bioethical Issues
- Example 1: Abortion is the expulsion of a live embryo or a live but inviable fetus from the maternal womb with the resulting death of the unborn.
- In this case, removing the cancerous uterus to save the woman's life is a good moral object, and the death of the fetus is a physical effect, not a moral effect.
- Example 2: A patient with stage four bone marrow cancer is suffering from excruciating pain and is given a medicine that can ease his pain but may shorten his life.
- The principle of double effect can be applied to decide whether it is morally permissible to take this medicine.
The Moral Agent and Contexts
- Maturity in humans involves cultivating rational and emotional faculties and harnessing them towards sound and responsible decision-making.
- Awareness of how one's culture shapes their personhood and a clear grasp of ethical theories and moral frameworks are essential for making well-informed moral decisions.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Conventional level: acceptance of social rules concerning right and wrong, with authority internalized but not questioned.
- Post-conventional level: understanding of universal ethical principles, with self-chosen principles as the basis of individual judgment, and individual rights and justice as the basis of moral reasoning.
- Stages of moral development:
- Stage 3: Good interpersonal relationships
- Stage 4: Maintaining the social order
- Stage 5: Social contract and individual rights
- Stage 6: Universal principles
This quiz tests your understanding of the principle of double effect, which states that an action that produces both good and bad effects can be morally permissible under certain conditions.
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