PRINCE2 Risk Management Overview
44 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason for selecting a modular pilot rollout plan?

  • To allow for rapid deployment across all installations
  • Because the project had already run for four years (correct)
  • To standardize all installations before implementation
  • To minimize the cost and time of the project
  • Which changeover method was used for the final system installation?

  • Complete direct changeover
  • Parallel changeover
  • Phased direct changeover (correct)
  • Gradual incremental changeover
  • Which of the following features were identified during the pilot rollout?

  • Installation timeframes
  • Overlooked new features (correct)
  • Budget constraints
  • Stakeholder feedback
  • What is the preferred method for organizational change management mentioned in the discussion?

    <p>McKinsey’s 7S Framework (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of installations were included in the pilot rollout plan?

    <p>Diverse types such as depots and arsenals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Risk Management Strategy document in PRINCE2?

    <p>To define procedures for risk identification and management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT included in the risk response planning phase?

    <p>Document (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a project manager include when assessing risk probability?

    <p>Impact on project objectives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which project phase is the Risk Management Strategy document created?

    <p>Project Initiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the likelihood of a risk occurring soon in PRINCE2?

    <p>Proximity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role is responsible for implementing the agreed-upon risk response?

    <p>Risk Owner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of report is NOT typically used for communicating risk information?

    <p>Budget Report (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a strategy for managing a threat?

    <p>Accept (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of introducing new information system (IS) initiatives?

    <p>Explaining the rationale for the new system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do legitimisers play in IS initiatives?

    <p>They guard operational norms and are viewed as experts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can user resistance to change be addressed during IS implementations?

    <p>By managing resistance carefully and involving users (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group should be engaged early in IS initiatives to ensure successful implementation?

    <p>System owners and stakeholders at operational locations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best strategy for ensuring that users embrace a new IS implementation?

    <p>Appointing senior managers as system sponsors or champions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is treating users as stakeholders important in IS initiatives?

    <p>It increases user engagement and buy-in for the system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is essential to successfully managing organizational change during IS initiatives?

    <p>Managing the effects of change on culture and systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the perspective on resistance to change during IS implementations?

    <p>Resistance is an opportunity for improvement and needs careful management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in Lewin's Freeze Change Model?

    <p>Create a climate for change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT part of the McKinsey 7S Model?

    <p>Satisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Kotter's Eight Step Model?

    <p>To strengthen change and build support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the McKinsey 7S Model, what does 'Shared values' refer to?

    <p>Core values of the organization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step follows 'Create a guiding coalition' in Kotter's Eight Step Model?

    <p>Communicate the vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Systems' element in the McKinsey 7S Model evaluate?

    <p>Processes and procedures in place (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does NOT play a role in reducing resistance to change according to Kotter & Schlesinger?

    <p>Improving financial incentives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main reasons for the failures of the automated baggage system at DIA?

    <p>Not enough time was allowed for proper system development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific problem occurred due to airlines changing their business requirements?

    <p>Inaccurate power supply updates resulting in mechanical failures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant infrastructure issue with the baggage system designed by BAE?

    <p>Infrastructure was created for a much smaller system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of resistance involves blaming the system for difficulties?

    <p>Projection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did the opening of DIA get delayed due to the baggage system issues?

    <p>16 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT recommended while implementing a new IS initiative?

    <p>Conducting training in isolation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological element failed to function properly, contributing to misrouting of baggage?

    <p>Optical sensors for barcode reading. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a financial consequence of the delays caused by the baggage system problems?

    <p>$1 million daily cost to taxpayers (A), $500 million loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key tactic in fostering a culture of change according to change experts?

    <p>Encourage open feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a suggested step in implementing a new IS initiative?

    <p>Limiting communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach did DIA initially assume regarding the baggage handling system?

    <p>Each airline would manage their own baggage transport. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tactic encourages involving various members of the organization in the IS planning process?

    <p>Encouraging broad involvement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which past experience of BAE was not directly comparable to the DIA project?

    <p>Creating a similar-sized airport baggage system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should managers act as during an IS initiative implementation?

    <p>Change champions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form of staff resistance to a new IS initiative?

    <p>Acceptance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as essential for effectively managing change in an organization?

    <p>Constant communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Organizational Change Management

    Changes within an organization that result from new business processes, impacting staff, systems, and culture.

    Staff education for new IS initiatives

    The act of informing employees about new IS initiatives, emphasizing their importance and impact on workflows.

    Explaining the rationale for new systems

    A vital factor in successful change management, ensuring staff understand the reasoning behind new systems and their individual impact.

    Treating users as stakeholders

    Involving staff in the development process, fostering a sense of ownership and reducing resistance.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Training users in the new system

    Providing practical training for employees on using the new system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Engaging with users and acting on suggestions

    Active listening and responsiveness to employee feedback and suggestions during the implementation of new systems.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    System Sponsor or Champion

    A designated individual responsible for promoting the new IS initiative within an organization.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Opinion Leaders in IS adoption

    Individuals recognized for their expertise and influence within a workplace, whose acceptance of a new system can significantly impact its adoption by others.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Resistance to New Information Systems

    Resistance to a new information system that can take many forms, including sabotage, blaming the system for problems, or avoiding its use.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Identifying System Owners

    A key step in managing change involves identifying and engaging with individuals or groups who will be significantly impacted by the new information system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Developing an Action Plan for IS Implementation

    Developing an action plan to manage the transition to a new information system is crucial for a successful implementation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Employee Change Teams

    Encouraging employees to form teams dedicated to facilitating the change process for a new information system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Involving People in IS Planning

    It's essential to involve as many people as possible in the planning and development of a new information system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Constant Change

    Making change a regular and expected part of the organizational culture helps to create a more adaptable and flexible workforce.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Open Communication and Feedback

    Open communication and feedback are essential for implementing a new information system effectively. Keep everyone informed!

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Incentives and Recognition

    Change experts recommend using financial incentives and recognition to motivate employees during the implementation of a new information system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Kotter's Eight Step Model

    A method of managing change that highlights the importance of building employee support and understanding alongside strengthening change and building momentum.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Establish a sense of urgency

    The first step in Kotter’s Eight Step Model, it involves creating a sense of urgency within an organization about the need for change.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Create a guiding coalition

    The second step in Kotter’s Eight Step Model, it involves building a coalition of influential individuals who are committed to driving the change forward.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Develop a vision and strategy

    The third step in Kotter’s Eight Step Model, it involves developing a clear vision for the desired future state and communicating it effectively to everyone involved.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Negotiation & Agreement Model

    A change management model developed by John Kotter and Leonard Schlesinger, focusing on minimizing resistance to change.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lewin's Freeze Change Model

    A change management model developed by Kurt Lewin, focusing on 'Unfreezing,' 'Changing,' and 'Refreezing' to manage change within organizations.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    McKinsey 7S Model

    Developed by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman at McKinsey & Co., this framework analyzes seven interconnected elements of an organization to assess its current state and plan for change.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Explicit coercion

    A type of coercion that involves forcing employees to accept change through explicit communication and pressure.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Risk Management Strategy document

    A document created during project initiation that establishes the procedures for managing risks throughout the project lifecycle.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Risk Management Procedure

    A systematic process used to identify, assess, plan responses to, implement, and communicate risks associated with a project.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Probability

    The likelihood that a particular risk will actually occur.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Impact

    The potential negative or positive impact a risk could have on project objectives.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Proximity

    The time frame within which a risk is most likely to occur.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Threat Response Strategies

    Strategies for mitigating threats, including avoiding, reducing, transferring, creating a fallback plan, accepting, or sharing the risk.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Opportunity Response Strategies

    Strategies for capitalizing on opportunities, such as exploiting, enhancing, rejecting, or sharing the opportunity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Risk Owner

    The individual responsible for overseeing and addressing a particular risk.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    McKinsey 7S Framework

    A structured method for analyzing an organization's strengths and weaknesses, identifying opportunities for growth, and creating a plan for achieving desired outcomes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Modular Pilot Rollout

    An iterative approach to implementation, where a new system is first deployed in a limited environment, then progressively rolled out to the entire organization based on feedback and learning.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Direct Changeover

    A method of system implementation where the old system is completely replaced by the new system at a specific point in time without any overlap.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Phased Rollout

    A phased introduction of new system functionalities or features to minimize disruption and allow users time to adjust.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    DIA Baggage System Failure

    The automated baggage system at Denver International Airport (DIA) was a major failure due to a lack of time for proper development and integration, leading to a 16-month delay and significant financial losses.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lack of Initial Planning

    The automated baggage system was not included in the initial planning stages of DIA, leaving insufficient time for its development and integration.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Changing Business Requirements

    Airlines constantly changing their business requirements caused disruptions and design conflicts within the system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lack of Integration

    The airlines had separate baggage handling systems, making it difficult to integrate them into the automated system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Inadequate Infrastructure

    The system was designed for a smaller scale, leading to inadequate infrastructure for the complex DIA operation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Power Supply Issue

    Power supplies were not updated for the revised system design, leading to overloaded motors and mechanical failures.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Barcode Reading Errors

    Barcode scanners failed to read correctly, causing baggage routing errors.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lack of Experience

    BAE, the system developer, lacked experience building a baggage system of such size and complexity, leading to design flaws.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    IAB305 Enterprise Systems Lifecycle - Wk12 Tutorial

    • The implementation of an enterprise-level information system (IS) project can be a wide-reaching, transformational change affecting many areas within an organisation.
    • Changes can notably impact:
      • Customer relationships
      • Supplier relationships
      • Staffing levels
      • Policies and procedures
      • Business processes
    • Employees working within the organisation are directly impacted by these changes.
    • People generally resist change, especially in the workplace.
    • Common reasons for resistance include:
      • Fear for job security
      • Uncertainty about the unknown
      • Disruption to established routines and habits
      • Loss of control or confidence in their role
      • Potential for embarrassment
    • Effective leadership and emotional intelligence are crucial in managing this resistance.
    • Change management must be meticulously managed and documented.
    • A formal "Request for Change" document is initiated to track change processes.
    • The document should include:
      • Project name
      • Request number
      • Requestor
      • Change description
      • Reason for the change
      • Impact of the change
      • Proposed action to be taken
      • Business priority of the change
    • People factors are the most challenging aspect of change management, often requiring significant time and effort to resolve.
    • Effective change management requires skilled change managers.
    • Key competencies for change managers include:
      • Intrapersonal skills
      • Interpersonal skills
      • General consultation skills
      • Understanding of organisation development theory
    • Organisational change management initiatives are critical for IS initiatives.
    • Staff education is essential in the successful introduction of new IS initiatives.
    • This should cover:
      • Explaining the rationale for the new system
      • Detailing the impact of the changes on staff
      • Engaging staff as stakeholders in the development process
      • Training staff on the use of the new system
      • Encouraging feedback and input from users
    • Encouraging user involvement in IS initiatives requires proactive measures.
    • Key actions include:
      • Appointing senior managers as system sponsors or champions
      • Identifying and engaging system owners at all operational levels
      • Understanding concepts like system legitimisers, opinion leaders, and associated change agents
      • Involving all stakeholders early in the planning and development
    • Resistance to change is a normal part of implementing change.
    • This resistance can manifest in various forms, such as:
      • Aggression (sabotaging efforts)
      • Projection (blaming the system for problems)
      • Avoidance (refusing to use the system)
    • Effective strategies for managing change must include addressing potential resistance. Targeted training and education are crucial.
    • Key steps in implementing a new IS initiative should include:
      • Developing an action plan
      • Assigning managers as change sponsors or champions
      • Identifying and engaging system owners early in IS initiatives
      • Identifying stakeholders at all operational locations for the new IS initiative
      • Developing employee change teams
      • Encouraging open communication and feedback about organisational changes
    • Key tactics for effective change management include:
      • Involving many people in planning and development
      • Making constant change an expected part of the company culture
      • Communicating frequently, preferably face-to-face
      • Using financial incentives and recognition
      • Aligning with existing company culture
    • Implementing an IS solution requires organisational change management.
    • Frameworks and models can provide guidance for managing the process.
    • The ADKAR model focuses on activities that achieve results, and includes the following stages:
      • Awareness
      • Desire
      • Knowledge
      • Ability
      • Reinforcement
    • The Six Change Model identifies six approaches for dealing with resistance to change:
      • Education and communication
      • Participation and involvement
      • Facilitation and support
      • Negotiation and agreement
      • Manipulation and co-option
      • Explicit and implicit coercion
    • Lewin's Freeze Change Model provides a three-stage approach for organisational change:
      • Unfreeze (creating a climate for change)
      • Change (moving to a new system)
      • Refreeze (making the change a permanent part of the organisation)
    • The McKinsey 7S Model is an organizational change management model with the goal of improving decision-making effectiveness.
    • Kotter's Eight Step Model for change management.
    • Identifying and describing risks early in any project or program is crucial
    • Risk can be defined in terms of danger, harm, or loss.
    • Risk is a combination of likelihood and consequences.
    • Risk management is important throughout the life of any project
    • Risk = (probability of event) x (consequences of event)
    • Risks can be assessed by looking at trends during a project life cycle
    • There are risk management procedures for dealing with risk and potential impact.
    • PRINCE2 recommends a Risk Management Strategy document to be part of project initiation
    • The document details the procedures and steps to identify, assess, control, and communicate risk.
    • Techniques for risk assessment include these methods:
      • Brainstorming meetings
      • Expert opinions
      • Past history
      • Multiple or team-based assessments
      • Delphi
      • Inductive reasoning (e.g., HAZOP)
    • There are different categories of risk, such as:
      • Technology risks
      • People risks
      • Organisational risks
      • Requirements risks
      • Estimation risks
      • Internal risks
      • External risks
    • Risk management strategies include:
      • Avoid
      • Transfer
      • Reduce
      • Accept .

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key concepts and methods of risk management in PRINCE2. This quiz covers topics such as modular rollout plans, risk response strategies, and the role of project managers in assessing risk. Prepare to understand the integral components of effective organizational change management.

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser