Primate Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

What is the dental formula for New World Monkeys (NWM)?

2.1.3.3

New World Monkeys have _____ molars adapted for eating leaves.

bilophodont

A characteristic trait of many New World Monkeys is a _____ tail, which can grasp objects.

prehensile

New World Monkeys exhibit a _____ nose, characterized by wide-set, outward-facing nostrils.

<p>platyrrhine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical mode of locomotion for New World Monkeys?

<p>Arboreal (living in trees)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dental formula for Old World Monkeys (OWM)?

<p>2.1.2.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Old World Monkeys possess slanted _____ premolars.

<p>sectorial</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Like New World Monkeys, Old World Monkeys have bilophodont molars adapted for eating leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nose type characteristic of Old World Monkeys is _____, with narrow, downward-facing nostrils.

<p>catarrhine</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Old World Monkeys typically have prehensile tails.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant form of locomotion for Old World Monkeys?

<p>Terrestrial quadrupedalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apes are characterized by having _____ fingers, which aid in grasping and brachiation.

<p>long</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to Old World Monkeys, apes have a _____ lumbar region.

<p>short</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dental formula shared by Apes and Old World Monkeys?

<p>2.1.2.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apes have _____ molars adapted for eating fruit.

<p>bunodont</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Apes possess a tail.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specialized form of arboreal locomotion, involving arm-swinging, is particularly associated with some apes?

<p>Brachiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many prosimians possess a _____ _____ and a _____ _____ for grooming purposes.

<p>tooth comb, grooming claw</p> Signup and view all the answers

Instead of fully enclosed eye orbits like monkeys and apes, prosimians have a _____ _____ _____.

<p>post orbital bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sharp and triangular cusps on the teeth of many prosimians are adaptations for eating what?

<p>Insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prosimians often exhibit _____ eye orbits, frequently linked to nocturnal activity.

<p>large</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does VCL stand for in the context of prosimian locomotion?

<p>Vertical Clinging and Leaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of a _____ (wet nose) is characteristic of prosimians and indicates a greater reliance on smell.

<p>rhinarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

A general characteristic of primates is having _____ digits on both hands and feet, often with nails instead of claws.

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the grasping ability, using hands and feet, that is characteristic of primates?

<p>Prehensility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most primates (monkeys, apes, humans) have fully _____ _____ _____, offering greater protection to the eyes.

<p>enclosed eye orbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to many other mammals, primates generally exhibit a _____ snout.

<p>reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which primate group includes lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers?

<p>Prosimians</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

NWM dental formula

Dental formula for New World Monkeys.

Prehensile tail

Possessing a grasping tail used as an extra limb.

Platyrrhine nose

Nostrils are far apart and face sideways. Common in NWM.

Arboreal

Adapted for life in trees.

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OWM dental formula

Dental formula of Old World Monkeys (OWM).

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Catarrhine nose

Having nostrils that are close together and point downward. Common in OWM.

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Terrestrial quadrupedalism

Movement primarily on the ground.

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Long fingers (Apes)

Having a long, flexible hand with distinct fingers.

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Short lumbar region (Apes)

A shorter length of the lower back.

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Brachiation

Form of locomotion using the arms to swing from tree limb to tree limb.

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Primates

Order of mammals including monkeys, apes, and humans that have 5 digits.

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Prehensility

Ability to grasp objects.

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Enclosed eye orbits

Bony structure that closes off the eye socket, providing protection.

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Reduced snout

Having a reduced snout/nose.

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Prosimians

Suborder of primates that includes lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers.

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Tooth comb

Dental structure used for grooming in prosimians.

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Post orbital bar

Postorbital bar

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VCL

Vertical clinging and leaping.

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Rhinarium

Wet nose structure found in prosimians.

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Large eye orbits

Large relative size of the eye sockets.

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Study Notes

  • NWM refers to New World Monkeys

    • Dental formula is 2.1.3.3
    • Have bilophodont molars and eat leaves
    • Possess a prehensile tail and a platyrrhine nose
    • Arboreal locomotion
    • Have a small body size
    • Have 3 premolars
  • OWM refers to Old World Monkeys

    • Dental formula of 2.1.2.3
    • Slanted sectorial premolars
    • Bilophodont molars for eating leaves
    • Long lumbar region
    • Catarrhine nose
    • Short, non-prehensile tail
    • Terrestrial quadruped locomotion

Ape Characteristics

  • Long fingers and a short lumbar region
  • 2.1.2.3 dental formula with sectorial straight premolar
  • Bunodont premolars for eating fruit
  • Catarrhini nose
  • No tail
  • Mode of locomotion is brachiation

Primates

  • 5 digits on hands and feet
  • Prehensility
  • Enclosed eye orbits
  • Reduced snout
  • Includes lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers

Prosimians

  • Possess a tooth comb/grooming claw
  • Post orbital bar
  • Sharp and triangular cusp for eating insects
  • Dental formula is 2.1.3.3
  • Large orbital size
  • Use VCL (vertical, clinging, leaping)
  • Reduced snout
  • Rhinarium nose (wet)
  • Have 5 digits
  • Exhibit prehensility
  • Large eye orbits
  • Mobile ears
  • Large, wet snout

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