Primary Skin Lesions - Mod 2
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the mechanism behind psoriasis?

  • Genetic mutation triggering cellular apoptosis
  • Immune system overactivation leading to viral invasion
  • Local allergic reaction to environmental allergens
  • Immune dysregulation involving multiple immune cells (correct)

Which factor is NOT associated with the exacerbation of rosacea?

  • Bacterial infection (correct)
  • Chronic sun exposure
  • Hormonal fluctuations
  • Stress

What is a common clinical manifestation of contact dermatitis?

  • Dry, itchy skin with flaking
  • Papules and plaques
  • Erythema and pruritis (correct)
  • Lichenification and scaling

Which statement is correct about bacterial skin infections?

<p>They typically result from the local invasion of pathogens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inflammatory skin disorder is characterized by chronic, relapsing patterns and involves multiple immune interactions?

<p>Psoriasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is a common causative agent of skin infections known for its methicillin-resistant strains?

<p><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical manifestation is typically associated with folliculitis?

<p>Papules or pustules with surrounding erythema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for causing both chickenpox and shingles?

<p>Varicella-zoster virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tinea infections primarily transmit?

<p>Direct contact with the fungus from person-to-person or contaminated objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by painful blisters or ulcers in the genital area?

<p>Genital herpes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fungal infections is caused by Candida albicans?

<p>Candidiasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical manifestation of impetigo?

<p>Honey-colored crusted lesions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What virus is primarily responsible for causing warts?

<p>Human papillomavirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of dermatitis is characterized by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen?

<p>Allergic contact dermatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common irritant that causes irritant contact dermatitis?

<p>Latex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a condition caused by excessive collagen formation during the healing process?

<p>Keloid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin condition is commonly associated with a family history of atopic conditions?

<p>Atopic dermatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptors best fits lichenification?

<p>Rough, thickened epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inflammatory skin disorder is characterized by dry, itchy skin but is not fully understood in terms of its cause?

<p>Atopic dermatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skin disorder includes conditions such as eczema and dermatitis?

<p>Inflammatory skin disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin condition may arise from the linear crack or break extending from the epidermis to the dermis?

<p>Fissure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin reaction is caused by the direct cytotoxic action of a substance on the skin?

<p>Irritant contact dermatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes atrophy in the context of skin conditions?

<p>Loss of skin markings and thinning of the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin infection is most commonly associated with pustular lesions?

<p>Bacterial infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of primary lesion is represented by elevated, fluid-filled lesions less than 1 cm in diameter?

<p>Vesicle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a plaque in terms of size and surface attributes?

<p>Elevated, firm, rough lesion with a flat top exceeding 1 cm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lesions results directly from scratching a primary skin lesion?

<p>Crust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of skin cancer is early detection highly critical for successful treatment?

<p>Melanoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical manifestation is associated with Tinea capitis?

<p>Scaly, pruritic scalp with bald areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by scaling of the skin?

<p>Psoriasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding actinic keratosis (AK)?

<p>It can develop into squamous cell carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of primary skin lesion is commonly involved in inflammatory skin disorders such as lichen planus?

<p>Papule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of basal cell carcinoma?

<p>Pearly or ivory nodule with a depressed center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of Tinea pedis?

<p>Scaling, macerated skin between toes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin condition can lead to secondary lesions such as ulcers due to infection?

<p>Bacterial infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dysplastic nevi are more likely to develop into which type of skin cancer?

<p>Melanoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesion is a cyst, and where is it typically located?

<p>Subcutaneous layer, encapsulated and filled with material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which secondary skin lesion is formed from the loss of both the epidermis and dermis?

<p>Ulcer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fungal skin infections leads to painful lesions between the toes?

<p>Tinea pedis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily associated with chronic exposure to UV radiation?

<p>Actinic keratosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT characteristic of cutaneous candidiasis?

<p>White plaques in the mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin cancer is primarily caused by mutations in the TP53 gene due to UV exposure?

<p>Squamous Cell Carcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the appearance of Tinea corporis?

<p>Elevated, circular, scaly patches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Contact Dermatitis

A skin condition characterized by localized inflammation, redness, itching, and often blisters, triggered by direct contact with an irritant or allergen.

Atopic Dermatitis

A chronic inflammatory skin condition that often manifests as dry, itchy patches, particularly in areas like the elbows, knees, and neck. It's caused by a combination of genetic factors and environmental triggers.

Psoriasis

A chronic, recurring inflammatory skin disorder characterized by red, scaly patches, often on the scalp, elbows, and knees, caused by an overactive immune response.

Acne Rosacea

A facial skin condition that causes redness, bumps, and visible blood vessels, typically affecting the nose, cheeks, and forehead.

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Acne Vulgaris

A common skin condition affecting the hair follicles, especially during adolescence, characterized by blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and cysts.

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Fissure

A linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis. Examples include athlete's foot, cracks at the corners of the mouth, and anal fissures.

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Atrophy

Thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin markings. Examples include aged skin and striae.

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Scar

A thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury to the dermis. Examples include healed wounds or surgical incisions.

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Keloid

An irregularly shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar caused by excessive collagen formation during healing.

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Lichenification

Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation. Examples include chronic dermatitis.

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Excoriation

Loss of epidermis; linear, hollowed-out, crusted area. Examples include abrasions, scratches, and scabies.

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Inflammatory skin disorders

A group of conditions that cause inflammation of the skin.

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Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)

A type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with an allergen. Common allergens include microorganisms, chemicals, foreign proteins, latex, drugs, and metals.

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Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD)

A non-specific inflammatory reaction caused by the direct cytotoxic action of a substance on the skin. Not mediated by the immune system.

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Folliculitis

A bacterial infection affecting the hair follicle, presenting as small bumps or pus-filled spots with redness around them.

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Cellulitis

A deeper bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissue, characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain, without a clear border.

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Impetigo

A superficial skin infection, mainly affecting children, with honey-colored crusty sores, often around the nose and mouth.

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

A viral infection causing chickenpox and shingles, spread through airborne droplets or direct contact with active lesions.

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Chickenpox

An itchy, blistering rash on the body, caused by the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

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Shingles

A painful, blistering rash appearing along a single nerve path, caused by the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

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Tinea infections

A fungal infection caused by dermatophytes, often called 'ringworm' due to its characteristic ring-shaped appearance.

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Candidiasis

A fungal infection caused by the Candida albicans yeast, commonly found on mucous membranes, skin, and in the digestive system.

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Macule

A flat, circumscribed area of discoloration less than 1 cm in diameter. Examples include freckles, flat moles, petechiae, measles, and scarlet fever.

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Patch

Similar to a macule, but larger than 1 cm in diameter. Examples include vitiligo, port-wine stains, mongolian spots, and café au lait spots.

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Papule

An elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter. Examples include warts, elevated moles, lichen planus, fibroma, and insect bites.

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Plaque

An elevated, firm, rough lesion with a flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter. Examples include psoriasis, seborrheic keratoses, and actinic keratoses.

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Nodule

Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in the dermis than a papule; 1-2 cm in diameter. Examples include erythema nodosum and lipomas.

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Tumor

An elevated, solid lesion; may be clearly demarcated; deeper in the dermis; more than 2 cm in diameter. Examples include neoplasms, benign tumors, lipomas, neurofibromas, and hemangiomas.

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Vesicle

An elevated, circumscribed, superficial, fluid-filled lesion less than 1 cm in diameter. Examples include varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), and herpes simplex.

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Bulla

A vesicle larger than 1 cm in diameter. Examples include blisters and pemphigus vulgaris.

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Pustule

An elevated, superficial lesion similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid. Examples include impetigo and acne.

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Tinea capitis

A type of skin infection caused by a fungus, affecting the scalp and causing scaly patches, itching, and potential hair loss.

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Tinea corporis

A fungal infection that affects the body, characterized by circular, scaly patches with a raised border.

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Tinea cruris

A fungal infection that affects the groin area, resulting in red, itchy, and scaly patches.

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Tinea pedis

A fungal infection that commonly affects the feet, especially the spaces between the toes, leading to scaling, maceration, and pain.

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Tinea manuum

A fungal infection that affects the palms of the hands, causing dry, scaly lesions or moist blisters.

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Oral candidiasis

A fungal infection of the mouth, often presenting as white plaques or patches that can develop into ulcers.

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Cutaneous candidiasis

A fungal infection that affects the skin folds, such as under the breasts or in the groin, causing redness, itching, and rash.

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Actinic keratosis

A precancerous skin lesion that develops on sun-exposed areas and is characterized by rough, scaly patches.

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Nevi (moles)

Benign growths of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin.

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Basal cell carcinoma

A type of skin cancer that originates in the basal cells of the epidermis.

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Study Notes

Primary Skin Lesions

  • Macule: A flat, discolored area less than 1 cm in diameter. Examples include freckles, petechiae, and measles.
  • Patch: Similar to a macule, but larger than 1 cm. Examples include vitiligo and café au lait spots.
  • Papule: An elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion less than 1 cm. Examples include warts and moles.
  • Plaque: An elevated, firm, rough lesion larger than 1 cm. Examples include psoriasis and seborrheic keratosis.
  • Nodule: Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion (deeper than a papule), 1-2 cm in diameter. Examples include lipomas and erythema nodosum.
  • Tumor: A solid, elevated lesion more than 2 cm, deeper than a papule. Examples include neoplasms and lipomas
  • Vesicle: Elevated, fluid-filled lesion less than 1 cm. Examples include varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles)
  • Bulla: A vesicle larger than 1 cm in diameter. Examples include blisters and pemphigus vulgaris.
  • Pustule: An elevated lesion filled with pus. Examples include impetigo and acne.
  • Cyst: An elevated, encapsulated lesion containing liquid or semisolid material. Examples include sebaceous cysts and cystic acne.

Secondary Skin Lesions

  • Scale: Keratinized cells; flaky skin. Examples include after scarlet fever, drug reactions, and dry skin.
  • Crust: Dried serum, blood, or pus.
  • Erosion: Loss of epidermis. Examples include chemical injury.
  • Ulcer: Loss of epidermis and dermis. Examples include pressure ulcers and stasis ulcers.
  • Fissure: A linear crack or break through the epidermis to the dermis. Examples include athlete's foot, and cracks around the mouth.
  • Atrophy: Thinning of the skin surface. Examples include aged skin and striae (stretch marks).
  • Scar: A fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury. Examples include healed wounds and surgical incisions.

Inflammatory Skin Disorders

  • Contact dermatitis: Skin irritation from contact with an irritant (irritant contact dermatitis) or allergen (allergic contact dermatitis).
  • Atopic dermatitis: Chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy skin, often associated with asthma and hay fever. Thought to have genetic and environmental factors.

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