Prevention and Management of Health Problems in Older Adults

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Questions and Answers

What type of services are provided by General Practitioners (GPs) in emergency situations?

  • Urgent domiciliary visits (correct)
  • Speciality clinics
  • Routine outpatients
  • Day hospital

Which service is specifically meant for diagnosis and management plan of conditions like cardiac failure?

  • Day centres
  • Rapid Access services (correct)
  • Acute medical admission service
  • Intermediate care facilities

What type of care involves active, elective management of slowly progressive conditions?

  • Respite care
  • Intermediate care facilities
  • Domiciliary visits (correct)
  • Day hospital

In what setting would you find services like respite care?

<p>Home care and care agencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which service is not typically associated with emergency situations?

<p>Day hospital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of care is provided by informal carers?

<p>Home care and care agencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where would you find services for chronic problems like slowly progressive conditions?

<p>Domiciliary visits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Prevention and Management of Health Problems in Older Adults

  • The elderly population requires special care and attention to maintain their health and well-being.
  • Assessment of the elderly is crucial and includes:
    • Physical assessment
    • Functional assessment
    • Psychological assessment (cognitive, affective)
    • Socio-economical assessment
    • Environmental assessment

Aims of Elderly Assessment

  • Cost-effective use of services
  • Maintaining the elderly active
  • Providing quality care to the maximum satisfaction of the user

Evaluation of Newly Discovered Risk Factors

  • Severe functional disability: Hospitalization and detailed assessment
  • Mild to moderate dysfunction:
    • Cause found: drugs, caregiver support, rehabilitation
    • Cause not found: caregiver support, rehabilitation

Multi-disciplinary Geriatric Assessment (Geriatric Clinic)

  • Concept of geriatric clinic suits best for assessment and management of diseases and disabilities in the elderly
  • Components:
    • Gerontologist/Physician
    • Physiotherapist
    • Occupational therapist
    • Ophthalmologist
    • Audiologist
    • Psychiatrist
    • Dietitian
    • Geriatric nurse
    • Social worker

Scope of Geriatric Clinic

  • Facility available only at tertiary and few secondary health care centers
  • Covers:
    • Hyper/hypotension
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Dental problems
    • Drug adverse effects
    • Cancers
    • Infections
    • Nutritional deficiency states
    • Eyes/ears assessment

Tertiary Prevention

  • Deals with rehabilitation and caregiver support
  • Rehabilitation:
    • Problem-solving process focused on the patient's functional abilities
    • Rehabilitation team includes:
      • Physician
      • Physiotherapist
      • Occupational therapist
      • Speech and language therapist
      • Psychiatrist
      • Dietitian
      • Nurse
      • Social worker
  • Interventions in rehabilitation:
    • Hard interventions:
      • Drugs and medical treatment
      • Physiotherapy
      • Occupational therapy
      • Aids and adaptation
      • Speech and language therapist
    • Soft interventions:
      • Advice on lifestyle change
      • Health education
      • Counseling
      • Encouragement
      • Listening

Supporting the Caregiver

  • Social attitude modified
  • Physician's support
  • Organization of "day care centers"
  • Hospitalization in chronic illness
  • Counseling the caregiver

Prevention and Management of Elder Abuse

  • Assessment of physical and mental capacity of the elderly
  • Assessment of general quality of care
  • Assessment of relation with the abuser
  • Assessment of abusers for their problems
  • Counseling the abusers
  • Institutionalization in old age homes

Responsibilities of the Nurse Working with Older Adults in the Community

  • Functions as:
    • Case manager
    • Advocate
    • Teacher
    • Facilitator
    • Collaborator
  • Responsibilities:
    • Assesses the client, family, and community to determine actual or potential health care needs and resources
    • Develops nursing diagnoses that are individual, family-, and community-focused
    • Case management:
      • Collaborates with the client and family for setting mutually acceptable goals
      • Develops and implements a nursing care plan
      • Refers the client and family to appropriate resources and monitors
      • Coordinates the extent and adequacy of services to meet family health care needs
    • Advocacy:
      • Sensitivity to the needs of the client and family
      • Knowledge of available community resources and supports
      • Communicates a professional assessment of client and family needs to the appropriate service providers
    • Teaching and counseling:
      • Teaches clients and families about disease processes, management of symptoms, mobility, medications, diet, bowel and bladder function, and normal health promotion activities
      • Counsels clients and families on health promotion activities

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