Preventing and Controlling Diseases

Questions and Answers

What is a common method of preventing disease?

Engaging in vector control

Using antiseptics

Getting vaccinated (correct)

Using disinfectants

What is the primary goal of vector control?

To sanitize public areas

To eradicate vectors of disease transmission (correct)

To develop new vaccines

To eradicate diseases

What is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

Excessive eating

Distorted body image (correct)

Lack of exercise

Extreme weight gain

What is the purpose of sanitation?

To prevent the spread of diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is a sterilant?

A substance that kills all living microbes on an inanimate object Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavior exhibited by individuals with anorexia nervosa?

Excessive exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is an antiseptic?

An agent that kills most microbes on living tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of anorexia nervosa?

Chronic malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the most at-risk demographic for developing anorexia nervosa?

Teenage girls and women under 40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of environmental health?

To promote and sustain a healthy and safe life for humans Signup and view all the answers

What type of hazard is radon gas?

Chemical hazard Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical change associated with anorexia nervosa?

Hair loss Signup and view all the answers

What is disordered eating?

A pathological and unhealthy pattern of eating that doesn't meet the criteria for an eating disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is an environmental health issue?

A topic or problem related to the status of the environment and its impact on human safety and well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is a cultural hazard?

A hazard that occurs from day-to-day living and lifestyle choices Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of a medical team treating anorexia nervosa?

To resolve the underlying thoughts and behaviors leading to anorexia nervosa Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the sporophyte stage in plants?

It is diploid, meaning it has two sets of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cuticle in leaves?

To protect the leaf from excess water loss and damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of angiosperms?

They produce flowers and fruits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stomata in leaves?

To regulate water loss and gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer in leaves where the bulk of photosynthesis takes place?

Palisade layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of flowers?

Botany Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the guard cells in leaves?

To control stomatal opening and closing Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of bulimia nervosa?

Recurrent binge eating, with compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the calyx in a flower?

To protect the flower bud Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the flower contains the stigma, style, and ovary?

Gynoecium Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a seed grows into the offspring of the flower?

Germination Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of non-vascular plants, such as mosses?

They are seedless Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a haploid gametophyte produces a diploid sporophyte?

Alternation of generations Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the antheridium in a moss?

To produce sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structure that grows from a gametophyte without fertilization in ferns?

Apogamy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the horizontal stem that grows underneath the soil in ferns?

Rhizome Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of plant species alive today are angiosperms?

80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement or growth response of a cell or an organism toward the source of stimulus?

Positive tropism Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of a plant's life cycle when the cells produced have two sets of chromosomes?

Diploid stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the response of a plant to the 24-hour light/dark cycle of each day?

Photoperiodicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of auxin-binding protein in a plant?

It initiates the signal transduction pathway that controls the expression of a few genes Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants bloom when there is more than a critical length of sunlight?

Long-day plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the production of a cell or an organism toward or away from the stimulus source?

Tropism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the response of a plant to touch?

Thigmotropism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary category of anorexia nervosa characterized by restrictive eating?

Restrictive type Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a chemical hazard?

Toxins Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a medical team in treating anorexia nervosa?

To resolve underlying thoughts and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a pattern of unhealthy eating that does not meet the criteria for an eating disorder?

Disordered eating Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of environmental health?

To reduce the impact of environmental hazards on human health Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an indoor hazard?

Radon gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the harmful outcomes arising from the day-to-day living of a human-being?

Cultural hazards Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most at risk of developing anorexia nervosa?

Teenage girls and women under 40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a vaccine?

To improve the immune system's fight against disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a substance that kills most, but not all, microbes on an inanimate object or surface?

Disinfectant Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the corolla in a flower?

To attract pollinators Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

Distorted body image Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the female part of a flower that contains the carpel or pistil?

Gynoecium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of vector control?

To eliminate agents of disease transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-vascular plants, such as mosses?

They are seedless Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of filtering water, cleaning sewage, and waste collection?

Sanitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a zygote develops into a sporangium through mitosis?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of anorexia nervosa?

Fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structure that grows from a gametophyte without fertilization in ferns?

Apogamy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a living agent that harbors and transmits a pathogen to another living being?

Vector Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using antiseptics?

To kill most microbes on living tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the horizontal stem that grows underneath the soil in ferns?

Rhizome Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the antheridium in a moss?

To produce sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a haploid gametophyte produces a diploid sporophyte?

Alternation of generations Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the haploid stage in plants?

The cells produced have one set of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endosperm in plants?

It is used by the embryo during germination as a food source. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the response of a plant to the gravitational field?

Gravitropism Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the sporophyte stage in plants that is different from the gametophyte stage?

It is diploid Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of plant species alive today that are angiosperms?

80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement or growth response of a cell or an organism toward or away from the stimulus source?

Tropism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palisade layer in a leaf?

To carry out the bulk of photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of auxin in plants?

It initiates the signal transduction pathway that controls the expression of a few genes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of bulimia nervosa that distinguishes it from anorexia nervosa?

It is characterized by recurrent binge eating and compensatory behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of plants?

Botany Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants bloom when there is less than a critical length of sunlight?

Short-day plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stomata in a leaf?

To facilitate gas exchange and transpiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the response of a plant to light?

Phototropism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of angiosperms?

They produce flowers and fruits Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the guard cells in a leaf?

To open and close the stomata to prevent excess water loss Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the gametophyte stage in plants?

It is haploid and grows from a spore Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Preventing and Controlling Disease

Vaccines are preparations that contain part of or a weakened version of a pathogen, improving the immune system's fight against disease.
Antiseptics are agents that kill most microbes on living tissue, while disinfectants kill most microbes on inanimate objects or surfaces.
Sterilants are substances that kill all living microbes on inanimate objects or surfaces.
Vector control is the process of eradicating agents of disease transmission to prevent disease spread.
Sanitation is the process of promoting public health by filtering water, cleaning sewage, and collecting waste.

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is a mental health condition characterized by distorted body image, extreme caloric restriction, and fear of gaining weight.
Symptoms include extreme weight loss, fatigue, dizziness, excessive exercise, and preoccupation with body size or shape.
There are two categories of anorexia nervosa: binge-eating type and restrictive type.
Risk factors include environmental and psychological factors, and treatment may involve medication, therapy, and hospitalization.

Environmental Health

Environmental health is a branch of public health that deals with the natural and built environment's impact on human health.
Environmental health issues include air pollution, climate change, and hazardous substances from human activities.
Environmental health factors include physical, chemical, biological, and cultural hazards.
Examples of environmental health hazards include heat, toxins, pathogens, and indoor air pollution.
The purpose of environmental health is to promote and sustain a healthy and safe life for humans.

Disordered Eating and Bulimia Nervosa

Disordered eating is a pathological pattern of eating that doesn't meet the criteria for an eating disorder.
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating and compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain.
Symptoms of bulimia nervosa include a sense of no control over eating, self-evaluation influenced by body shape and weight, and recurrent compensatory behavior.
There are two subtypes of bulimia nervosa: purging and non-purging.
Common treatments for bulimia nervosa include education, cognitive-behavioral therapy, pharmacology, and hospitalization.

Plant Life Cycle

The life cycle of plants includes a change between two stages: the sporophyte and gametophyte.
The sporophyte is diploid, producing haploid spores through meiosis, while the gametophyte is haploid and grows from the spore.
The alternation of generations is the change between the haploid and diploid stages in the life cycle of plants.

Plant Structure and Function

Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis in plants and have a complex structure consisting of several layers.
The layers of a leaf include the cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade layer, spongy layer, and lower epidermis.
The palisade layer is where the bulk of photosynthesis takes place, while the spongy layer stores the products of photosynthesis.

Botany and Flowers

Botany is the study of plants, and the study of flowers is a specialty within botany.
Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms and have four whorls or layers: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
The main characteristic of angiosperms is that they produce flowers and fruits.

Mosses and Non-Vascular Plants

Mosses are non-vascular plants that belong to Phylum Bryophyta and live in moist environments.
Non-vascular plants do not have a vascular system and use other systems to uptake and deliver water to different parts of the plant.
Bryophytes are a type of non-vascular plant and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
The life cycle of mosses involves the alternation of generations between haploid and diploid stages.

Ferns

Ferns are a group of seedless, vascular plants that reproduce through spores.
Ferns undergo two distinct life cycles before becoming a mature fern, known as alternating generation.
The life cycle of ferns involves the production of haploid spores, which grow into a haploid gametophyte, and then a diploid sporophyte.

Angiosperms

Angiosperms are a group of flowering vascular plants that make up approximately 80% of plant species.
Angiosperms have two distinct life stages: the haploid stage and the diploid stage.
The haploid stage is the sexual stage of the plant's life cycle, while the diploid stage is the stage the plant is in for the majority of its life.
Angiosperms produce perfect, or bisexual, flowers and imperfect, or unisexual, flowers.

Tropism

Tropism is the involuntary response of an organism associated with its growth rather than its movement.
Tropism is different from taxis, which is the behavioral response of an organism to an external stimulus.
There are many forms of tropisms, including gravitropism, phototropism, hydrotropism, thigmotropism, and chemotropism.
Auxin is a hormone that plays a key role in plant growth and tropism.

Photoperiodicity

Photoperiodicity is the response of plants to the 24-hour light/dark cycle.
Plants sense light with photoreceptors, which can determine if the critical length of light has been met.
There are three types of plants: short-day, long-day, and day-neutral.
Short-day plants bloom when there is less than a critical length of sunlight, while long-day plants bloom when there is more than a critical length of sunlight.