Questions and Answers
Which of the following verbs is often followed by the to infinitive?
What is the function of the 'bare infinitive' in a sentence?
Which of the following is an example of a gerund?
What is the purpose of using the to infinitive after adjectives of emotion?
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Which of the following verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive?
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What is the function of the to infinitive in the sentence 'He bought some flowers to give to his wife.'?
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Which of the following is an example of a sentence using a bare infinitive?
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What is the function of the gerund in the sentence 'Children love playing with their friends.'?
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Which of the following expressions is often followed by a gerund?
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What is the function of the to infinitive in the sentence 'It's too expensive to eat there.'?
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Study Notes
Tenses
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Present Simple
- Used to talk about habits or things we do regularly (repeated actions that continue for a long time)
- Used for permanent situations that we feel will continue for a long time
- Used in the first and zero conditionals
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Present Progressive (Continuous)
- Used to talk about actions that are taking place at the moment of speaking
- Used to talk about actions that are taking place around "now" but not at the exact moment of speech
- Used with words such as "always" or "constantly" to express the idea that something annoying or irritating happens very often
- Used to talk about an action or event in the near future, which has already been planned
- Used for temporary or new habits
- Used to describe situations that are changing
- Used to describe temporary situations
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Past Simple
- Used to talk about a completed action in the past
- Used to talk about a series of completed actions in the past
- Used for stories or lists of events in the past
- Used with the second conditional
- Used to express habits in the past (actions that happened several times in the past)
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Past Progressive (Continuous)
- Used to talk about actions in progress at a time in the past
- Used to talk about an ongoing action in the past that was interrupted by another action in the past
- Used for the background in a story written in the past tense
- Used to express changing states
- Used to express parallel actions in the past
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Present Perfect Simple
- Used to talk about recently completed actions whose results are visible in the present
- Used to talk about an action which happened within a specific time period which is not over at the time of speaking
- Used to talk about past experiences
- Used to talk about how much of something we have done or how many times we have done something up to now
- Used with stative verbs, like be, know, have, etc., to talk about situations that started in the past and still continue
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Present Perfect Continuous
- Used to talk about things that are generally true, especially for laws or rules
- Used to talk about future situations we believe are real or possible
- Used to imagine present or future situations that are impossible or unlikely in reality
- Used to imagine a different past, where something did or did not happen, and to imagine a different result
Passive Voice
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Uses of the Passive
- When who or what causes the action is unknown or unimportant
- When it is obvious to the listener or reader who the agent is
- When we want to change the focus from the agent to the recipient of the action
- To focus on objective or factual information, like in scientific writing
- With a generalized agent (people in general are the agents)
- In describing processes, when the emphasis is on the actions and not on the people who perform them
Articles and Adjectives
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Uses of the definite article "the"
- With a superlative adjective
- With adjectives like rich, poor, elderly to talk about groups of people
- With countries whose names include words like kingdom, states or republic
- With nouns that refer to something or someone that is unique
- When a particular noun has already been mentioned previously
Verbs and Verb Forms
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State verbs which change their meaning when in the continuous form
- have
- be
- see
- think
- weigh
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Five categories of verbs that are not normally used in progressive forms
- Verbs of feeling
- Verbs of thinking
- Verbs used for the senses
- Verbs of measurement
- Verbs of possession
-
Uses of could
- To express possibility in the present and the future
- To make suggestions
- To ask for permission
- To talk about past ability
- As a conditional
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Uses of would
- To make polite requests or offers
- As a conditional to describe what we would do in imaginary situations
- To talk about repeated actions in the past
- To describe past beliefs about the future
- As the past form of "will" in reported speech
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Uses of the pronoun "it"
- Singular noun (a thing/place/organization/animal/abstract)
- To represent a young baby of either sex
- To "anticipate" something which appears later in the sentence
- To refer to an already stated action or information
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Uses of the to infinitive
- After certain verbs particularly verbs of thinking, feeling and saying
- To express purpose
- With the adverbs too and enough to express the reasoning behind our satisfaction or insatisfaction
- After adjectives of emotion such as: angry, happy, glad, sad, sorry, surprised
- After a WH- word such as: how, what, where, whether, which, who, whom
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Uses of bare infinitive (short infinitive)
- After modal verbs
- After the interrogative word 'why'
- After the expressions 'had better' and 'would rather'
- After the prepositions 'except,' 'but,' and 'than'
- After verbs of perception (see, watch, notice, observe, feel, hear…)
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Uses of the gerund
- In compound nouns
- After the expressions can't help, can't stand, to be worth, & it's no use
- Verbs followed by gerund/infinitive (love, prefer, remember, forget, like)
Inversion
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Uses of inversion
- In specific sentence structures
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Description
This quiz covers the present simple tense, its uses, and examples of its usage in different contexts such as habits, routines, and permanent situations.