Present Simple, Gerunds, To Be, Can

Present Simple

• Used to describe habits, routines, general truths, and states of being.
• Formed by using the base form of the verb for most subjects (I, you, we, they) and adding -s or -es to the verb for third-person singular subjects (he, she, it).
• Example: I eat breakfast every morning. He goes to school every day.

Verb + -ing (Gerund)

• Used as a noun, often acting as the subject or object of a verb.
• The -ing form is commonly used after verbs like enjoy, like, love, hate, prefer, start, stop, continue, etc.
• Example: I enjoy playing tennis. She hates cleaning the house. He started studying English last year.

To Be

• Used to express existence, state, or location, as well as to describe a person's or thing's characteristics.
• Has three forms: am, is, are.
• Example: I am happy. You are a student.

Can

• Used to express ability or the possibility of something happening.
• Example: I can swim. We can go to the park today.

Wh-Questions

• Questions that begin with words like who, what, when, where, why, which, and how.
• Examples:
• Who is the teacher?
• What are you doing?
• When does the train leave?
• Where do you live?
• Why are you late?
• Which colour do you like best?
• How do you get to work?

Tense Comparison - Present Simple and Gerund

• Present Simple describes habits and routines (ongoing action or state): He walks to school every day.
• Verb + -ing describes an ongoing activity as part of a larger action or a general tendency: He enjoys walking to school.

Additional Notes on Present Simple

• Regular verbs: follow the standard rules for adding -s or -es in the third person.
• Irregular verbs: have unique forms in the third person, and need to be memorized.
• The present simple form is used with adverbs of frequency (always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely, never, etc.) to describe habitual events.

Additional Notes on Wh-Questions

• Wh-questions are used to ask for specific information.
• When forming wh-questions with the verb 'to be', the verb should be placed directly after the wh-word.
• Wh-questions typically require a specific, detailed answer, whereas yes/no questions require a simple "yes" or "no" as an answer.

Explains English grammar: Present Simple for habits and truths; Verb + -ing (Gerund) as a noun, after certain verbs; To Be to express being; and Can to express ability.