Presbyopia: Causes and Prevalence

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At what age can childhood presbyopia develop?

Around 20 years old
Around 30 years old
Around 50 years old
Around 40 years old (correct)

What is the measure used to determine vision impairment severity?

Refraction
Visual acuity (correct)
Visual field
Pupillary response

What does the numerator of a visual acuity fraction represent?

The size of the letters on the chart
The distance at which the chart is viewed (correct)
The distance at which a 'healthy' eye can read a line
The type of vision chart used

According to the World Health Organization, what is the name of the report that provides information on vision and presbyopia?

World Report on Vision (D) Signup and view all the answers

At what distance is a vision chart typically viewed?

6 metres (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for presbyopia that develops earlier in life due to environmental conditions?

Early onset presbyopia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated market share of Essilor in the lenses market?

45% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global eyewear market is accounted for by lenses?

39% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which company is the leading provider of frames?

Luxottica (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated value of the global eyewear market?

USD130 billion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Essilor's revenue comes from LMICs?

Less than 10% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the price range of prescription eyeglasses in private optical companies in LMICs?

USD50 to USD200 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Tiered system of payment in the Service Centres?

To generate revenue from the sales of eyeglasses (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Vision Technicians in the primary eye care setup?

To provide basic eye care services (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of comprehensive eye exams conducted at the primary level?

50,000 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of DOT Glasses' supply chain?

Only 5 different corrective powers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of funding for the primary eye care services?

Sales of eyeglasses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the material used to create frames in the OneDollarGlasses model?

Flexible spring steel (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a Tertiary Centre and a Centre of Excellence?

Range of services offered (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Centre of Excellence?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of OneDollarGlasses and TwoBillionEyes products?

Varying levels of quality and limited customization options (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of Peek Vision's smartphone-based vision screening app?

It is as accurate as conventional paper-based vision tests (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of Peek Solutions that aids in follow-up appointments?

Text message reminders in the local language (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of new technologies for vision screening and refraction?

They create opportunities to reach more people (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using Peek Acuity in a school screening programme in Kenya?

It nearly triples the number of children who attend follow-up appointments (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Peek Vision's consulting support to its partners?

To help identify programme gaps and optimise programme design (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of handheld refraction devices adapted to low-resource settings?

They can be operated by a technician with minimal training (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the technology used by promising handheld autorefractors?

Wavefront aberrometry technology (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate cost of a handheld autorefractor?

USD 4,000 to USD 7,000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Peek Solutions' population-based data analysis?

To optimise programme design and identify challenges in the pathway to care (A) Signup and view all the answers