Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the general reaction for the preparation of acids from non-metals?
Hydrogen + Non-metal → Acid
What is the product formed when acidic oxide CO2 reacts with water?
H2CO3
What is the condition necessary for the displacement of a volatile acid from a salt?
Heating with a non-volatile acid (e.g. sulphuric acid)
What is the product formed when sulphur is oxidised by concentrated nitric acid?
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What is the general reaction for the preparation of bases from metals?
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What is the product formed when basic oxide K2O reacts with water?
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What is the product formed when aqueous solution of AlCl3 reacts with a strong base NaOH?
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What is the characteristic of acidic oxides that distinguishes them from neutral oxides?
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What is the general reaction for the preparation of acids from acidic oxides?
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What is the condition necessary for the reaction of a metal with oxygen to give a base?
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Study Notes
Preparation of Acids
- Acids can be formed from non-metals through their reaction with hydrogen, producing acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydroiodic acid (HI).
- Acidic oxides, when dissolved in water, yield corresponding acids. For example, carbon dioxide (CO2) forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) forms sulfurous acid (H2SO3), and sulfur trioxide (SO3) forms sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Additionally, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) reacts with water to produce phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
- Non-volatile acids can displace more volatile acids when heated with salts of those volatile acids, exemplified by the reactions of potassium nitrate and sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid to yield nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), respectively.
- Non-metals such as sulfur can be oxidized by concentrated nitric acid, resulting in the formation of sulfuric acid, nitrogen dioxide, and water.
Preparation of Bases
- Bases are generated from metals reacting with oxygen to form basic oxides, such as sodium oxide (Na2O) and magnesium oxide (MgO).
- Soluble basic oxides can dissolve in water to form strong bases, or alkalis, including potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- Active metals like potassium (K) and sodium (Na) can react directly with water, producing alkalis and hydrogen gas.
- Aqueous solutions of salts and strong bases can precipitate basic hydroxides. For instance, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) reacts with sodium hydroxide to yield sodium chloride (NaCl) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) as a precipitate.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the preparation of acids from non-metals and acidic oxides. It challenges the knowledge of chemical reactions involving hydrogen and acidic oxides leading to various acids. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts in chemistry!
