Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common clinical manifestation of diverticulitis?
What is a common clinical manifestation of diverticulitis?
- Acute pain in the left lower quadrant (correct)
- Smooth, sore red tongue
- Urinary frequency
- Iron deficiency
Which of the following is true regarding pernicious anemia?
Which of the following is true regarding pernicious anemia?
- It can be treated with oral vitamin B12 supplements.
- It has lower incidence in individuals with a family history.
- It occurs due to an absence of intrinsic factor. (correct)
- It is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B6.
What are symptoms associated with a hemolytic blood transfusion reaction?
What are symptoms associated with a hemolytic blood transfusion reaction?
- Fever and dizziness
- Hives and pruritus
- Flushing and tachycardia
- Low back pain and chest pain (correct)
What is one effect of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the urinary system?
What is one effect of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the urinary system?
What is a common early symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a common early symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?
Which procedure should be prioritized when initiating a blood transfusion?
Which procedure should be prioritized when initiating a blood transfusion?
Which symptom is commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exacerbations?
Which symptom is commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exacerbations?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of urinary retention in males due to BPH?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of urinary retention in males due to BPH?
What can result from untreated obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia?
What can result from untreated obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia?
What should be done postoperatively to prevent complications?
What should be done postoperatively to prevent complications?
Which of the following is an important nutrient deficiency identified in pernicious anemia?
Which of the following is an important nutrient deficiency identified in pernicious anemia?
Which of the following is an indication of malignant hyperthermia during surgery?
Which of the following is an indication of malignant hyperthermia during surgery?
What is a classic symptom of rheumatoid arthritis when palpating the joints?
What is a classic symptom of rheumatoid arthritis when palpating the joints?
What can exacerbate the lesions associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?
What can exacerbate the lesions associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Which laboratory tests are routinely used to detect infection before surgery?
Which laboratory tests are routinely used to detect infection before surgery?
Which of the following is not a symptom of malignant hyperthermia?
Which of the following is not a symptom of malignant hyperthermia?
What is one of the earliest signs associated with abnormal calcium transport?
What is one of the earliest signs associated with abnormal calcium transport?
What should a nurse assess to evaluate bowel function postoperatively?
What should a nurse assess to evaluate bowel function postoperatively?
What body temperature change can occur every 5 minutes as a late sign of a serious condition?
What body temperature change can occur every 5 minutes as a late sign of a serious condition?
Which condition is characterized by the protrusion of wound contents?
Which condition is characterized by the protrusion of wound contents?
Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of Galantamine hydrobromide?
Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of Galantamine hydrobromide?
What type of patients may benefit from the use of an abdominal binder?
What type of patients may benefit from the use of an abdominal binder?
Which of the following contraindications relates to Galantamine hydrobromide?
Which of the following contraindications relates to Galantamine hydrobromide?
Which drug is similar to Galantamine hydrobromide in its mechanism of action?
Which drug is similar to Galantamine hydrobromide in its mechanism of action?
What is the primary benefit of pursed-lip breathing?
What is the primary benefit of pursed-lip breathing?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of COPD?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of COPD?
What types of asthma develop due to environmental factors and usually manifest in childhood?
What types of asthma develop due to environmental factors and usually manifest in childhood?
What is a recommended strategy when using inhaled corticosteroids to prevent thrush?
What is a recommended strategy when using inhaled corticosteroids to prevent thrush?
Which symptom is characteristic of severe, persistent asthma?
Which symptom is characteristic of severe, persistent asthma?
What triggers non-allergic asthma in individuals over 40 years old?
What triggers non-allergic asthma in individuals over 40 years old?
What is recommended to alleviate gastric reflux in individuals with GERD?
What is recommended to alleviate gastric reflux in individuals with GERD?
What is a systemic preparation of glucocorticoids used for?
What is a systemic preparation of glucocorticoids used for?
What is the primary goal of promoting independence in self-care activities for individuals with Alzheimer's disease?
What is the primary goal of promoting independence in self-care activities for individuals with Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following medications is indicated for the cognitive enhancement in early Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following medications is indicated for the cognitive enhancement in early Alzheimer's disease?
What posture is commonly observed in patients with Parkinson's disease?
What posture is commonly observed in patients with Parkinson's disease?
Which statement best describes the role of nightlights for dementia patients?
Which statement best describes the role of nightlights for dementia patients?
What is a common risk associated with long-term use of Dilantin?
What is a common risk associated with long-term use of Dilantin?
What is the primary post-operative concern following a total thyroidectomy?
What is the primary post-operative concern following a total thyroidectomy?
In managing diabetes during illness, what is an important point to remember?
In managing diabetes during illness, what is an important point to remember?
What is a classic symptom associated with hypothyroidism as indicated by lab results?
What is a classic symptom associated with hypothyroidism as indicated by lab results?
What does an aura in seizure patients signify?
What does an aura in seizure patients signify?
Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to foot complications in patients with diabetes?
Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to foot complications in patients with diabetes?
What type of lifestyle change is recommended for managing ulcerative colitis?
What type of lifestyle change is recommended for managing ulcerative colitis?
What is the primary focus in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the primary focus in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a known effect of levothyroxine treatment in hypothyroid patients?
What is a known effect of levothyroxine treatment in hypothyroid patients?
What condition can result from consuming excessive water without adequate electrolytes?
What condition can result from consuming excessive water without adequate electrolytes?
Which diuretics are least likely to cause hypokalemia?
Which diuretics are least likely to cause hypokalemia?
What is the expected peak time for regular insulin after administration?
What is the expected peak time for regular insulin after administration?
What is the most common risk factor for developing Type Two Diabetes?
What is the most common risk factor for developing Type Two Diabetes?
Which medication is a key component of the rheumatoid arthritis treatment plan?
Which medication is a key component of the rheumatoid arthritis treatment plan?
What symptom is associated with extreme hyperglycemia in Type One Diabetes?
What symptom is associated with extreme hyperglycemia in Type One Diabetes?
What can potentially lead to hyperkalemia?
What can potentially lead to hyperkalemia?
What dietary component is essential to avoid for preventing calcium phosphate renal calculi?
What dietary component is essential to avoid for preventing calcium phosphate renal calculi?
Flashcards
Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatment
Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatment
IV administration of multiple doses is needed to replenish iron stores.
Diverticulitis Symptoms
Diverticulitis Symptoms
Sudden pain in the lower left abdomen, possibly severe. Inflammation of diverticulum (weakened colon wall) can lead to perforation and abscess, causing tenderness, mass, fever and leukocytosis.
Pernicious Anemia Cause
Pernicious Anemia Cause
Vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor; often runs in families.
Blood Transfusion Reactions
Blood Transfusion Reactions
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Blood Transfusion Procedure
Blood Transfusion Procedure
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Cause
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Cause
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BPH Pathophysiology
BPH Pathophysiology
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Urinary Retention/Incontinence in Males
Urinary Retention/Incontinence in Males
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Symptoms
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Symptoms
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SLE Exacerbation Skin Lesions
SLE Exacerbation Skin Lesions
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Pre-op Infection Detection
Pre-op Infection Detection
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Post-op Ambulation
Post-op Ambulation
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Malignant Hyperthermia
Malignant Hyperthermia
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Malignant Hyperthermia Initial Symptoms
Malignant Hyperthermia Initial Symptoms
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Hypercapnia
Hypercapnia
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia
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Post-op bowel sounds assessment
Post-op bowel sounds assessment
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Wound dehiscence
Wound dehiscence
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Evisceration
Evisceration
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Risk factors for wound complications
Risk factors for wound complications
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Abdominal binder
Abdominal binder
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Galantamine hydrobromide (Razadyne)
Galantamine hydrobromide (Razadyne)
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Contraindications for Galantamine
Contraindications for Galantamine
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Common adverse effects of Galantamine
Common adverse effects of Galantamine
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Alzheimer's ADL goals
Alzheimer's ADL goals
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Dementia nighttime care
Dementia nighttime care
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Donepezil (Aricept) effect
Donepezil (Aricept) effect
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Parkinson's freezing
Parkinson's freezing
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Parkinson's ambulation
Parkinson's ambulation
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Parkinson's neurodegeneration
Parkinson's neurodegeneration
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Parkinson's flat affect
Parkinson's flat affect
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Parkinson's swallowing difficulty
Parkinson's swallowing difficulty
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Seizure home care
Seizure home care
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Depakote discontinuation
Depakote discontinuation
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Dilantin and pregnancy
Dilantin and pregnancy
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Hypothyroid lab findings
Hypothyroid lab findings
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Hypothyroid treatment
Hypothyroid treatment
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Type 1 DM teaching
Type 1 DM teaching
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DM Insulin Adjustments (Illness)
DM Insulin Adjustments (Illness)
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Pursed-lip breathing
Pursed-lip breathing
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COPD symptoms
COPD symptoms
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Asthma triggers
Asthma triggers
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Asthma steroids
Asthma steroids
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Inhaled steroids use
Inhaled steroids use
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GERD Meal Recommendations
GERD Meal Recommendations
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Pneumonia breath sounds
Pneumonia breath sounds
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COPD breath sounds
COPD breath sounds
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Dilutional Hyponatremia
Dilutional Hyponatremia
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Hypokalemia with Diuretics
Hypokalemia with Diuretics
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Regular Insulin Onset, Peak, & Duration
Regular Insulin Onset, Peak, & Duration
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Meds
Rheumatoid Arthritis Meds
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Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
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Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
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Renal Calculi Prevention
Renal Calculi Prevention
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Hyperkalemia Causes
Hyperkalemia Causes
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Study Notes
Preoperative Assessment Checklist
- Consent is obtained, the surgeon ensures the patient understands the procedure
- Patient history, including allergies and previous surgeries, is reviewed
- Expectations for pre- and post-operative care are discussed
- Baseline vital signs are documented
Postoperative Priorities
- Pain management is a top priority
- Frequent monitoring of vital signs and the surgical site
- Assess for signs of infection or decline in baseline vitals
- Monitor IV fluid rate and patency
- Assess patient's level of sensation and circulation
Pain Management
- Preventive approach (rather than PRN) is more effective for pain relief
- Opioid analgesics are commonly prescribed for immediate postoperative pain relief and restlessness.
- Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) allows patients to self-administer pain medication when needed
- Epidural infusions and intrapleural anesthesia can improve coughing and deep breathing in specific surgical cases
Malignant Hyperthermia
- The patient remains at risk in the postoperative period for malignant hyperthermia
- Characterized by severe muscle rigidity, rapid breathing, and problems with low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels.
Pain Assessment and Outcomes
- The nurse assesses pain using a verbal or visual analog scale.
- The goal of pain management is prevention rather than sporadic control.
- Adequate pain relief promotes faster recovery.
- PCA is a useful method for pain management.
Pneumonia
- Prevention is through vaccination (23)
- Occurs in patients not hospitalized or in long-term care within 14 days of onset
- Can be treated at home or in hospital
COPD and Oxygen Levels
- Patients will have lower baseline oxygen levels (88%)
- Pulse oximetry is used to assess the need for supplemental oxygen.
Heart Failure and COPD
- Pulmonary vascular changes can result in pulmonary hypertension and chronic hypoxemia
- COPD and infections-report any signs of change in sputum, fever, increased dyspnea, or fatigue.
Crohn's Disease
- Chronic inflammation of the GI tract.
- Bowel wall thickens and becomes fibrotic, narrowing the intestinal lumen (cobblestone).
- Symptoms may include diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain (especially after meals), malnourishment, and secondary anemia.
Bariatric Surgery - Postoperative Checklist
- Watch for dumping syndrome and vitamin/mineral imbalances.
- Monitor for ulcers and bleeding.
Medical Management and Dietary Supplements
- Medical management includes dietary supplements
- Follow-up appointments are essential
Constipation
- Defined as less than 3 bowel movements per week
- Establish healthy bowel habits
- Digital dislodgement or enema administration may be needed
- Consider bulk-forming OTCs (like Docusate) if needed
Bowel Obstruction
- Decompression with an NG tube may be necessary.
Appendicitis - Preoperative Preparation
- Correct or prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalance; dehydration, and sepsis
- Antibiotics and IV fluids may be administered
Septic Shock/Peritonitis
- Signs may include increased pulse rate, fever (100-101), progressive hypotension, absent bowel sounds, and abdominal rigidity due to leakage of contents
Diverticulosis
- Diverticulum inflammation, leading to possible obstruction, abscess, fistula formation, peritonitis, or hemorrhage.
- Symptoms include frequent bowel irregularity, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, anorexia, and abdominal bloating.
Colitis
- Symptoms typically start in the rectum and spread inward.
- May present with bloody diarrhea, mucus or pus in stool, and left-lower quadrant abdominal pain.
Hypertension- High Blood Pressure
- Hemorrhages, exudate (fluid buildup), narrowed arterioles, and cotton-wool spots (small infarcts).
- Symptoms to watch for include blurred vision.
Heart Disease, Diuretics, and Potassium
- Patients receiving potassium-sparing diuretics must be carefully monitored.
- Monitor for hyperkalemia
- Monitor for orthostatic hypotension and kidney injury.
Iron supplementation
- Iron supplementation may be needed, or given intravenously.
- Can stain teeth
Anemia
- Deficiency of vitamin B12, absence of intrinsic factor
- Common symptoms include run in families, history of gastric cancer, red tongue, and mild diarrhea. A replacement is needed in the form of monthly B12 injections.
Blood Administration Reactions
- Febrile, chills, fever, headache, flushing.
- Allergic reactions (hives, pruritus, shortness of breath), hemolytic reactions (low blood pressure, tachycardia, fever, chills, chest pain, and blood in the urine)
- History of pregnancy, blood transfusions, or incorrect blood typing may increase the risk of reaction.
SBAR - Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
- Process to communicate essential information for patient care
- Confirm order, documents, blood type, vitals, signs of reaction, and proper tubing.
Chronic Ulcerative Colitis and Crohns Disease
- Inflammatory diseases of the bowel
- Symptoms can include bloody diarrhea, mucus or pus in stool and left-lower quadrant abdominal pain.
Bariatric Surgery
- Increased risk for osteoporosis
- Increased risk of malabsorption disorders
Gallbladder Diseases
- Presence of gallstones, risk factors involving cirrhosis, hemolysis, infection of the biliary tract.
- Symptoms-jaundice(yellowing of skin), with pruritus (itching) of the skin.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
- Gastric, and duodenal ulcers.
- Symptoms may include abdominal pain, often after eating.
Glaucoma
- Increased intraocular pressure.
- Symptoms include blurred vision, headaches, and eye pain.
- Can lead to sudden permanent vision loss.
Diabetes
- Patient's blood glucose level (with A1C above 6.5).
- Symptoms-polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (extreme thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger), and osmotic diuresis.
Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism (Thyroid Storm)
- High fever, extreme tachycardia (high heart rate), exaggerated symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
- Systems involved-gastrointestinal (weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain), cardiovascular (edema, chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations), and neurologic/mental status (delirium psychosis, somnolence, or coma).
Insulin
- Regular, short-acting, and long-acting insulins.
- Important for those who need multiple types or are adjusting to a specific treatment.
- Safety precautions are critical when dealing with insulin.
Wound Dehiscence and Evisceration
- Disruption of surgical incision or wound. Severe injuries are especially serious.
- Factors that increase risk may include increasing age; anemia; poor nutrition; obesity; and malignancy,
- Abdominal binder may provide support and guard against dehiscence, especially for patients with weak abdominal walls, or when a previously closed wound has opened.
Galantamine
- Medication approved for mild to moderate dementia
- Can have side effects like insomnia, tremor, dizziness, and headache.
- Should be taken with food to decrease upset stomach.
Sinemet
- Medication combination of levodopa and carbidopa, used to treat Parkinson's.
- Should not be taken with a high-protein meal.
- Adequate fluid intake is essential
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Description
Test your knowledge on key components of preoperative assessment, postoperative priorities, and effective pain management strategies. This quiz covers essential practices that ensure patient safety before and after surgery.
