Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which health professional is involved in teaching stretching and functional movements for gross motor function?
Which health professional is involved in teaching stretching and functional movements for gross motor function?
What form of therapy is used to help promote independence in walking?
What form of therapy is used to help promote independence in walking?
Which piece of equipment is used to help maintain flexibility and improve muscle strength?
Which piece of equipment is used to help maintain flexibility and improve muscle strength?
What type of splint helps to improve hand control by keeping the thumb from going into the palm?
What type of splint helps to improve hand control by keeping the thumb from going into the palm?
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Which health professional is primarily responsible for addressing fine motor skills and daily living activities?
Which health professional is primarily responsible for addressing fine motor skills and daily living activities?
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What is one method used to promote mobility aside from physical therapy?
What is one method used to promote mobility aside from physical therapy?
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Which treatment focuses on managing spasticity in individuals with hemiplegic cerebral palsy?
Which treatment focuses on managing spasticity in individuals with hemiplegic cerebral palsy?
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What activity is crucial for promoting wheelchair accessibility in homes?
What activity is crucial for promoting wheelchair accessibility in homes?
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What is the primary risk associated with a breech presentation during labor?
What is the primary risk associated with a breech presentation during labor?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential complication that can lead to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy?
Which of the following is NOT a potential complication that can lead to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy?
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What is the medical term for 'shortage of oxygen in the blood' as it relates to brain health?
What is the medical term for 'shortage of oxygen in the blood' as it relates to brain health?
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Which factors associated with maternal health can increase the risk of developmental issues in the fetus?
Which factors associated with maternal health can increase the risk of developmental issues in the fetus?
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What type of cerebral palsy primarily results from damage to the motor cortex and is characterized by stiff and jerky movements?
What type of cerebral palsy primarily results from damage to the motor cortex and is characterized by stiff and jerky movements?
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What percentage of people with cerebral palsy may experience seizures?
What percentage of people with cerebral palsy may experience seizures?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a main medical complication of cerebral palsy?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a main medical complication of cerebral palsy?
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Which professional is NOT typically involved in the intervention for individuals with cerebral palsy?
Which professional is NOT typically involved in the intervention for individuals with cerebral palsy?
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What is the primary goal of rehabilitation for individuals with cerebral palsy?
What is the primary goal of rehabilitation for individuals with cerebral palsy?
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What is the relationship between cerebral palsy and intellectual disability?
What is the relationship between cerebral palsy and intellectual disability?
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Which alternate communication strategy might some individuals with cerebral palsy use?
Which alternate communication strategy might some individuals with cerebral palsy use?
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What does the application of Botulinum toxin type A aim to manage in individuals with cerebral palsy?
What does the application of Botulinum toxin type A aim to manage in individuals with cerebral palsy?
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Which of the following is a common difficulty faced by individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy?
Which of the following is a common difficulty faced by individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy?
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What is a characteristic of language disorder?
What is a characteristic of language disorder?
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Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for language disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for language disorder?
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At what age do symptoms of language disorder typically begin to manifest?
At what age do symptoms of language disorder typically begin to manifest?
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What percentage of younger school-age children are affected by language disorder?
What percentage of younger school-age children are affected by language disorder?
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Which of the following factors is NOT a cause of language disorder?
Which of the following factors is NOT a cause of language disorder?
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What is a common misconception about children with language disorder?
What is a common misconception about children with language disorder?
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Communication disorders, including language disorder, are identified more frequently in which gender?
Communication disorders, including language disorder, are identified more frequently in which gender?
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Which statement about the prevalence of language disorder is true?
Which statement about the prevalence of language disorder is true?
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What is a key characteristic of semantic–syntactic displays?
What is a key characteristic of semantic–syntactic displays?
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At what age do children typically begin to find taxonomic displays helpful?
At what age do children typically begin to find taxonomic displays helpful?
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Which selection technique is described as having a one-to-one relationship between the motor act and message generation?
Which selection technique is described as having a one-to-one relationship between the motor act and message generation?
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Which feature distinguishes activity grid displays from context-based displays?
Which feature distinguishes activity grid displays from context-based displays?
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Which of the following is an advantage of direct selection over indirect selection?
Which of the following is an advantage of direct selection over indirect selection?
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In the context of symbol displays, what does a taxonomic display primarily group symbols by?
In the context of symbol displays, what does a taxonomic display primarily group symbols by?
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Which selection technique typically places greater demands on the user's and listener's working memory?
Which selection technique typically places greater demands on the user's and listener's working memory?
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Which statement about direct selection is true?
Which statement about direct selection is true?
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Study Notes
Prenatal Factors
- Maternal age over 35 can impact fetal development
- Exposure to toxins during embryonic period can cause birth defects
- Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy are linked to intellectual disability
- Maternal infections and illnesses, such as UTIs, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and epilepsy, can affect fetal development
Perinatal Complications
- Breech presentation, placenta previa, tight nuchal cord, meconium aspiration, cephalopelvic disproportion, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy are common labor and delivery complications
- Breech presentation can result in mild to moderate developmental delays
- Placenta previa can also lead to mild to moderate developmental delays
- Meconium aspiration and nuchal cord are associated with unclear risks of developmental delays
- Cephalopelvic disproportion is unlikely to cause developmental delays
- Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is brain damage due to oxygen deprivation, often caused by labor and delivery complications
Cerebral Palsy
- Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that affects movement and coordination
- Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type, characterized by stiff and jerky movements
- Different types of spastic cerebral palsy include quadriplegia, diplegia, and hemiplegia
- Cerebral palsy can be associated with various medical complications, including seizures, visual impairment, strabismus, hearing loss, dental cavities, drooling, swallowing difficulties, poor growth, aspiration pneumonia, GERD, constipation, and orthopedic complications
- Treatment focuses on promoting health, wellness, and participation
- Individuals with cerebral palsy can have typical intellectual functioning, but some may experience developmental delays or learning disabilities
- Rates of intellectual disability in individuals with cerebral palsy range from 30% to 60%
- Speech and language difficulties, such as articulation issues, are common
Interventions & Therapies
- Interventions aim to promote health, wellness, and participation
- Numerous professionals, including nurses, OTs, PTs, orthopedic surgeons, orthotists, pediatricians, psychologists, recreation consultants, social workers, SLPs, and teachers, are involved in treatment
- The WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is used as a framework
- Treatment options include physical therapy, occupational therapy, assistive devices, and spasticity management
- Medications, such as botulinum toxin type A, can help manage spasticity
Language Disorder
- Language disorder is characterized by deficits in language expression despite normal comprehension
- Children with language disorder experience delayed speech development, limited vocabulary, and simple sentence structure
- Language abilities vary significantly among individuals with language disorder
- Language disorder affects 7% of younger school-age children
- It is twice as common in boys than girls
- Most children acquire normal language by adolescence, with 50% fully outgrowing the issues
- Language disorder can be associated with negative behaviors
Causes of Language Disorders
- Genetic factors play a role
- Brain abnormalities, including temporal processing deficits and disruption in the left temporal lobe, may contribute
Symbol Display Organization
- Various symbol display organizations are used for communication
- Semantic-syntactic displays organize vocabulary based on parts of speech and sentence structure
- Taxonomic displays group symbols based on semantic categories
- Activity grid displays organize vocabulary around events, routines, or activities
- Context-based displays are designed for specific contexts or environments
Selection Techniques
- Direct selection techniques require precise motor movements and offer efficiency
- Indirect selection techniques require less fine-motor control but are less efficient
- Both direct and indirect selection techniques can be used with high-tech and low-tech systems
- Direct selection requires greater visual or auditory acuity.
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Description
This quiz explores how prenatal factors, like maternal age and substance exposure, affect fetal development. It also covers perinatal complications such as breech presentation and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, which can influence developmental outcomes. Test your understanding of these critical factors in prenatal and perinatal health.
