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Questions and Answers

Which health professional is involved in teaching stretching and functional movements for gross motor function?

Physical therapist (correct)

Speech-language pathologist

Occupational therapist

Physician

What form of therapy is used to help promote independence in walking?

Use of walkers (correct)

Speech therapy

Therapeutic massage

Occupational training

Which piece of equipment is used to help maintain flexibility and improve muscle strength?

Manual wheelchair

Botulinum toxin type A

Stretching tools (correct)

Neoprene hand splint

What type of splint helps to improve hand control by keeping the thumb from going into the palm?

Neoprene hand splint Signup and view all the answers

Which health professional is primarily responsible for addressing fine motor skills and daily living activities?

Occupational therapist Signup and view all the answers

What is one method used to promote mobility aside from physical therapy?

Use of electric wheelchairs Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment focuses on managing spasticity in individuals with hemiplegic cerebral palsy?

Botulinum toxin type A injections Signup and view all the answers

What activity is crucial for promoting wheelchair accessibility in homes?

Home renovations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with a breech presentation during labor?

Increased risk of developmental disability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication that can lead to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy?

Breech presentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'shortage of oxygen in the blood' as it relates to brain health?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which factors associated with maternal health can increase the risk of developmental issues in the fetus?

Maternal diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What type of cerebral palsy primarily results from damage to the motor cortex and is characterized by stiff and jerky movements?

Spastic Cerebral Palsy Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people with cerebral palsy may experience seizures?

20%–30% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a main medical complication of cerebral palsy?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

Which professional is NOT typically involved in the intervention for individuals with cerebral palsy?

Radiologist Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of rehabilitation for individuals with cerebral palsy?

To achieve developmental potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cerebral palsy and intellectual disability?

Rates of intellectual disability in individuals with cerebral palsy range from 30% to 60%. Signup and view all the answers

Which alternate communication strategy might some individuals with cerebral palsy use?

Picture or symbol displays Signup and view all the answers

What does the application of Botulinum toxin type A aim to manage in individuals with cerebral palsy?

Spasticity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common difficulty faced by individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy?

Difficulty with articulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of language disorder?

Delayed speech development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for language disorder?

Exceptional speech production Signup and view all the answers

At what age do symptoms of language disorder typically begin to manifest?

Early developmental period Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of younger school-age children are affected by language disorder?

7% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT a cause of language disorder?

Environmental stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about children with language disorder?

They have exceptional conversational skills. Signup and view all the answers

Communication disorders, including language disorder, are identified more frequently in which gender?

More in boys Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the prevalence of language disorder is true?

50% of children fully outgrow the problems. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of semantic–syntactic displays?

They organize vocabulary according to parts of speech. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically begin to find taxonomic displays helpful?

6-7 years Signup and view all the answers

Which selection technique is described as having a one-to-one relationship between the motor act and message generation?

Direct selection Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes activity grid displays from context-based displays?

Activity grid displays organize vocabulary by event schemes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of direct selection over indirect selection?

Involves fewer intermediary steps. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of symbol displays, what does a taxonomic display primarily group symbols by?

Semantic categories such as people or feelings. Signup and view all the answers

Which selection technique typically places greater demands on the user's and listener's working memory?

Indirect selection Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about direct selection is true?

It requires precise motor movements. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prenatal Factors

Maternal age over 35 can impact fetal development
Exposure to toxins during embryonic period can cause birth defects
Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy are linked to intellectual disability
Maternal infections and illnesses, such as UTIs, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and epilepsy, can affect fetal development

Perinatal Complications

Breech presentation, placenta previa, tight nuchal cord, meconium aspiration, cephalopelvic disproportion, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy are common labor and delivery complications
Breech presentation can result in mild to moderate developmental delays
Placenta previa can also lead to mild to moderate developmental delays
Meconium aspiration and nuchal cord are associated with unclear risks of developmental delays
Cephalopelvic disproportion is unlikely to cause developmental delays
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is brain damage due to oxygen deprivation, often caused by labor and delivery complications

Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that affects movement and coordination
Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type, characterized by stiff and jerky movements
Different types of spastic cerebral palsy include quadriplegia, diplegia, and hemiplegia
Cerebral palsy can be associated with various medical complications, including seizures, visual impairment, strabismus, hearing loss, dental cavities, drooling, swallowing difficulties, poor growth, aspiration pneumonia, GERD, constipation, and orthopedic complications
Treatment focuses on promoting health, wellness, and participation
Individuals with cerebral palsy can have typical intellectual functioning, but some may experience developmental delays or learning disabilities
Rates of intellectual disability in individuals with cerebral palsy range from 30% to 60%
Speech and language difficulties, such as articulation issues, are common

Interventions & Therapies

Interventions aim to promote health, wellness, and participation
Numerous professionals, including nurses, OTs, PTs, orthopedic surgeons, orthotists, pediatricians, psychologists, recreation consultants, social workers, SLPs, and teachers, are involved in treatment
The WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is used as a framework
Treatment options include physical therapy, occupational therapy, assistive devices, and spasticity management
Medications, such as botulinum toxin type A, can help manage spasticity

Language Disorder

Language disorder is characterized by deficits in language expression despite normal comprehension
Children with language disorder experience delayed speech development, limited vocabulary, and simple sentence structure
Language abilities vary significantly among individuals with language disorder
Language disorder affects 7% of younger school-age children
It is twice as common in boys than girls
Most children acquire normal language by adolescence, with 50% fully outgrowing the issues
Language disorder can be associated with negative behaviors

Causes of Language Disorders

Genetic factors play a role
Brain abnormalities, including temporal processing deficits and disruption in the left temporal lobe, may contribute

Symbol Display Organization

Various symbol display organizations are used for communication
Semantic-syntactic displays organize vocabulary based on parts of speech and sentence structure
Taxonomic displays group symbols based on semantic categories
Activity grid displays organize vocabulary around events, routines, or activities
Context-based displays are designed for specific contexts or environments

Selection Techniques

Direct selection techniques require precise motor movements and offer efficiency
Indirect selection techniques require less fine-motor control but are less efficient
Both direct and indirect selection techniques can be used with high-tech and low-tech systems
Direct selection requires greater visual or auditory acuity.

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Description

This quiz explores how prenatal factors, like maternal age and substance exposure, affect fetal development. It also covers perinatal complications such as breech presentation and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, which can influence developmental outcomes. Test your understanding of these critical factors in prenatal and perinatal health.