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Questions and Answers
What was the primary purpose of the Meiji Restoration in 1868?
What was the primary purpose of the Meiji Restoration in 1868?
What was the role of the samurai class during the Edo period?
What was the role of the samurai class during the Edo period?
How did local lords maintain their positions under the Tokugawa shogun?
How did local lords maintain their positions under the Tokugawa shogun?
What was a significant feature of the bureaucratic changes following the Meiji Restoration?
What was a significant feature of the bureaucratic changes following the Meiji Restoration?
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Which institution was established to create talent for the central bureaucracy?
Which institution was established to create talent for the central bureaucracy?
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What was the name given to the newly centralized government established in 1868?
What was the name given to the newly centralized government established in 1868?
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What characteristic distinguished the Tokugawa government's political structure?
What characteristic distinguished the Tokugawa government's political structure?
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Which country's bureaucratic model influenced Japan's central bureaucracy during the Meiji period?
Which country's bureaucratic model influenced Japan's central bureaucracy during the Meiji period?
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What body is granted legislative power according to the Constitution of Japan?
What body is granted legislative power according to the Constitution of Japan?
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Which article establishes the principle of local autonomy in Japan?
Which article establishes the principle of local autonomy in Japan?
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In the context of the Japanese Constitution, who must the Cabinet consist of?
In the context of the Japanese Constitution, who must the Cabinet consist of?
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Which principle emphasizes the need for administration in Japan to act legally?
Which principle emphasizes the need for administration in Japan to act legally?
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What is NOT a mode of judicial review over administrative actions in Japan?
What is NOT a mode of judicial review over administrative actions in Japan?
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Which governmental structure does Japan operate under?
Which governmental structure does Japan operate under?
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According to the Constitution, who holds the final judicial power in Japan?
According to the Constitution, who holds the final judicial power in Japan?
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What does the principle of equilibrium in Japanese administration require?
What does the principle of equilibrium in Japanese administration require?
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What is the primary characteristic of bureaucracy in society according to the content?
What is the primary characteristic of bureaucracy in society according to the content?
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Which body holds the highest authority in China's judicial system?
Which body holds the highest authority in China's judicial system?
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Which mechanism allows citizens to resolve disputes without suing in courts?
Which mechanism allows citizens to resolve disputes without suing in courts?
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What is the legal status of administrative courts in China?
What is the legal status of administrative courts in China?
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What has been a reform by the central government regarding complaint mechanisms?
What has been a reform by the central government regarding complaint mechanisms?
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What was a primary characteristic of the ancient Chinese administration?
What was a primary characteristic of the ancient Chinese administration?
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What fundamental principle is not established in the Chinese Constitution?
What fundamental principle is not established in the Chinese Constitution?
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Which level of people's court primarily handles most trial cases in China?
Which level of people's court primarily handles most trial cases in China?
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What role did the examination system play in ancient China's administration?
What role did the examination system play in ancient China's administration?
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During the state administration period from 1912 to 1978, what was a key feature of the governmental structure?
During the state administration period from 1912 to 1978, what was a key feature of the governmental structure?
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How did citizens in China traditionally handle grievances prior to the establishment of formal legal structures?
How did citizens in China traditionally handle grievances prior to the establishment of formal legal structures?
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What was one of the significant challenges to bureaucracy identified after the reforms initiated in 1978?
What was one of the significant challenges to bureaucracy identified after the reforms initiated in 1978?
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What does the moralized bureaucracy refer to in the context provided?
What does the moralized bureaucracy refer to in the context provided?
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What was a characteristic of the economic sector during the state administration period?
What was a characteristic of the economic sector during the state administration period?
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What was one of the fundamental path-dependent effects impacting bureaucracy in China?
What was one of the fundamental path-dependent effects impacting bureaucracy in China?
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What was the result of the lack of a competitive party system in the bureaucracy?
What was the result of the lack of a competitive party system in the bureaucracy?
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Which remedy allows for an administrative action to be declared void without any repetition of that action?
Which remedy allows for an administrative action to be declared void without any repetition of that action?
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What is the primary focus for the appointment of civil servants as per the Civil Service Law of China?
What is the primary focus for the appointment of civil servants as per the Civil Service Law of China?
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Which of the following principles is NOT part of the management of civil servants according to the Chinese Civil Service Law?
Which of the following principles is NOT part of the management of civil servants according to the Chinese Civil Service Law?
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In the context of judicial review remedies, which option pertains specifically to addressing negligence?
In the context of judicial review remedies, which option pertains specifically to addressing negligence?
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What key aspect distinguishes the Chinese civil servant system from typical Western merit-based systems?
What key aspect distinguishes the Chinese civil servant system from typical Western merit-based systems?
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What is an administrative remedy that allows for a response to obvious inappropriateness?
What is an administrative remedy that allows for a response to obvious inappropriateness?
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Which article of the Civil Service Law indicates the requirement of recruitment through open examination?
Which article of the Civil Service Law indicates the requirement of recruitment through open examination?
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Which of the following describes the obligation of civil servants in China under the Civil Service Law?
Which of the following describes the obligation of civil servants in China under the Civil Service Law?
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Study Notes
Premodern Japanese Bureaucracy
- Japan maintained a cohesive administrative class called samurai, meaning military officials, during the Edo period (1603-1863)
- This period was deemed peaceful and prosperous
- The Tokugawa shogun government ruled, although government wasn't centralized
- Local lords, or han (domains), controlled their own domains, each with autonomy over currency, taxes, law, and police
- Local lords were subject to shogun control
- Han lords' positions were secure if loyal to the shogun and ruled effectively
Prewar Period (Meiji Restoration to WWII End)
- The Meiji Restoration (1868) aimed to integrate the feudal system and create a centralized government
- The first centralized government, Daikan, was established, often with former han members in key positions, creating governmental cliques
- The cabinet system was introduced in 1885, with Hirobumi Ito being the first prime minister, aiming for competitive examinations as recruitment basis
- Tokyo Imperial University was established to produce bureaucrats in 1886
- A nationwide local government system was implemented in 1889, classifying government into prefectures and municipalities
- This system included two tiers: prefectures and city/town/village or municipalities
- Bureaucracy in Japan was modeled after Germany's system
Postwar Japan
- The Constitution of 1946 introduced the principle of separation of powers, becoming effective in 1947
- The Diet (legislature) has legislative power
- The Cabinet holds executive power
- Judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and lower courts
Japan - Administrative Values
- Japanese administration functions under the principle of legality
- Administrations should consider all factors, opinions, and interests
- The principle of seniority is used in determining ministry entry order
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Description
Explore the evolution of Japan's bureaucratic system from the Edo period through the Meiji Restoration to the end of WWII. This quiz covers key historical frameworks and significant changes in governance and societal structure during these pivotal times in Japanese history.
