Preliminary Physics I - Gravitation
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Questions and Answers

What does the minus sign in the gravitational force equation indicate?

  • The force is repulsive.
  • The force is attractive. (correct)
  • The force is constant.
  • The force varies with distance.

    • What is the value of the gravitational field strength (g) at the Earth's surface?

  • 10.00 N kg-1
  • 9.81 m/s2 (correct)
  • 6.67 N kg-1
  • 9.81 N kg-1 (correct)

    • How is gravitational field strength calculated at the Earth's surface?

  • F = mg (correct)
  • g = F/m (correct)
  • g = -Gm/r²
  • F = m/R

    • What represents the gravitational constant (G) in the gravitational force equation?

    <p>6.67 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force is the gravitational force when considering planetary motion?

    <p>Centripetal force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law relates gravitational force to the centripetal force in circular motion?

    <p>Law of universal gravitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equation $g = -\frac{GM_E}{R_E^2}$, what does $R_E$ denote?

    <p>Radius of the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gravitational force as the distance between two masses increases?

    <p>It decreases rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do a paper and a stone fall at the same rate in a vacuum?

    <p>Their acceleration is independent of mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mass of an object measure?

    <p>The amount of matter in the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a cork and an iron nail of equal mass placed on the surface of water?

    <p>The cork will float and the nail will sink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upward force experienced by a body immersed in a fluid called?

    <p>Buoyant force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the buoyant force relate to the weight of a submerged object?

    <p>It is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which object would float when placed in water?

    <p>An object with a density of 0.5 g/cm³.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Archimedes' Principle used for in practical applications?

    <p>Designing ships and submarines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the relationship between the density of an object and its ability to float?

    <p>Objects with densities lower than the liquid will float.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for gravitational field strength, g?

    <p>$g = \frac{W}{m}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What keeps the moon in orbit around the Earth?

    <p>Centripetal force provided by Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton’s Law of Gravitation, the force of attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to what?

    <p>The product of their masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an object if the centripetal force acting on it is removed?

    <p>It will move in a straight line tangent to the circular path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the Earth not visibly move towards an apple when the apple falls?

    <p>The apple has negligible mass compared to Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an object placed in a gravitational field around a massive body?

    <p>It experiences a force directed towards the center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton’s third law of motion, what can be said about the forces between two objects?

    <p>They are equal and opposite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gravitational field strength defined?

    <p>The force per unit mass at a point in the field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the gravitational field lines around the Earth?

    <p>Closer field lines indicate a stronger field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motion does an object exhibit when released from circular motion without centripetal force?

    <p>Linear motion along a tangent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth?

    <p>$9.81 , m/s^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mass and acceleration according to Newton's second law of motion?

    <p>Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angular velocity of a geostationary satellite in rad/s?

    <p>$7.27 \times 10^{-5}$ rad/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a radial gravitational field imply about the strength of the field?

    <p>The strength decreases with distance from the mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a use of geostationary satellites?

    <p>Interplanetary exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the gravitational constant G?

    <p>$6.674 \times 10^{-11} \text{ N m}^2\text{ kg}^{-2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding geostationary orbit is true?

    <p>The satellite remains stationary relative to the surface of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly represents the balance of forces for a geostationary satellite?

    <p>$F_{centripetal} = F_{gravitational}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between gravitational field strength and weight?

    <p>Weight is the force experienced by a mass in a gravitational field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gravitational force between the Earth and the moon?

    <p>-1.98 x 10^20 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a uniform gravitational field?

    <p>Field lines that are evenly spaced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula calculates the gravitational force between two masses?

    <p>$F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the radius of a geostationary satellite's orbit?

    <p>$r^3 = \frac{GM}{\omega^2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'g' represent in the equation $F = mg$?

    <p>Acceleration due to gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the geostationary orbit is true?

    <p>It remains fixed above one point on the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the paper take longer to reach the ground than the stone when dropped simultaneously?

    <p>Air resistance affects the paper more than the stone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force does the universal law of gravitation primarily describe?

    <p>Gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the gravitational force between two objects depend on?

    <p>The product of their masses and inversely on the square of the distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the radius of the Earth is considered to be R, how is the acceleration due to gravity 'g' related to mass M of the Earth?

    <p>$g = G \frac{M}{R^2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of acceleration due to gravity?

    <p>m/s^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the state of an object in free fall?

    <p>An object only influenced by gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What calculations are needed to find the gravitational force if the masses and the distance are known?

    <p>Multiply the masses and divide by the square of the distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Preliminary Physics I - Gravitation

    • Gravitational Field: A region surrounding a massive body where another mass experiences a gravitational force.
    • Gravitational Field Strength: Force per unit mass at a specific point in the field (N/kg). A vector quantity.
    • Gravitational Field Strength Equation: g = F/m, where g is the gravitational field strength, F is the force, and m is the mass.
    • Uniform Gravitational Field: A field with equally spaced field lines, which is the approximate condition near the Earth's surface.
    • Gravitational Field on Earth's Surface: Acceleration due to gravity (g) is approximately constant, equal to -9.81 m/s². The negative sign indicates the direction is downwards.
    • Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation: The force of attraction between any two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
    • Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Equation: F = G * m₁ * m₂ / r², where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant (6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻²), m₁ and m₂ are the masses of the two bodies, and r is the distance between their centers.
    • Gravitational Constant (G): A constant of proportionality in Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. Expressed in N m² kg⁻².
    • Gravitational Potential Energy (U): The energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field. A negative value for objects near earth. This equation is valid for objects far from Earth's surface.
    • Gravitational Potential (Φ): Work done in moving a unit mass from infinity to a point in a gravitational field (J/kg).
    • Equipotential Lines: Lines connecting points with the same gravitational potential. These are perpendicular to the gravitational field lines.
    • Geostationary Orbit: An orbit where the satellite remains above the same point on the Earth's equator, due to the satellite matching the Earth's rotation speed.
      • Conditions required for geostationary orbit:
        • Orbital period of 24 hours
        • Circular orbit above the equator
        • Orbiting in the same direction as Earth's rotation
    • Geostationary Orbit Properties:
      • Period (T): 24 hours (86400 s)
      • Angular velocity (ω): 2π / T = 7.27 × 10⁻⁵ rad/s.
      • Radius of orbit (r): 4.22 × 10⁷ m.
    • Uses of Geostationary Satellites: Weather monitoring, television transmission, telephone communication.
    • Free Fall: Objects falling towards the Earth under the influence of gravity only. Acceleration due to gravity is constant throughout.
    • Buoyancy: The upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid. Equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

    Other

    • Activity: Methods to demonstrate gravitational and buoyancy principles (different experiments involving throwing stones, placing objects in water, etc.).
    • Recall: Summary and key definitions of mass, weight, and their relation to gravity.

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    Preliminary Physics I - Gravitation Lecture 12 - AS Level PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of gravitational concepts in Preliminary Physics I. This quiz covers topics such as gravitational fields, field strength, and Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge about how gravity operates in our universe.

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