Pregnancy Toxemia in Cows

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What is the main cause of pregnancy toxemia in cows?

Lack of physical exercise

Excessive weight gain in late gestation

Overconsumption of nutrients

Disruption in maternal glucose homeostasis (correct)

Which clinical sign is commonly associated with pregnancy toxemia in cows?

Increased appetite

Physical hyperactivity

Rapid weight gain

Anorexia and depression (correct)

Why is pregnancy toxemia more common in beef cattle than in dairy cattle?

Poor availability of feed in the last trimester (correct)

Lack of exercise in beef cattle

Differences in gestation periods

Genetic predisposition in dairy cattle

How can pregnancy toxemia in cows be prevented?

Monitoring body condition and diet in late gestation Signup and view all the answers

What do increased blood BHB and NEFA concentrations reflect in cattle?

Negative energy balance and ketogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects NEFA concentrations in cattle according to the text?

Available adipose tissue for mobilization Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for the management of anorectic cattle affected by pregnancy toxemia?

Propylene glycol or dextrose administration Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is suggested to suppress ketogenesis in cattle with pregnancy toxemia?

Insulin administration Signup and view all the answers

Why should cattle with dehydration, organ dysfunction, or metabolic acidosis be treated with large volumes of electrolyte fluids?

To correct the imbalance caused by the conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is a suggested way to prevent pregnancy toxemia at the herd level?

Providing adequate nutrition and health care for late gestation cows Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended body condition score for dairy cattle entering the final trimester of pregnancy?

>5 (1-9 scale) Signup and view all the answers

Why should rumen degradable protein be sufficient in cattle nutrition according to NASEM recommendations?

To ensure microbial fiber digestibility Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for individual cows during late gestation according to the text?

Careful monitoring of energy intake, attitude, and fat mobilization Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is used to facilitate ruminal propionate generation in cattle according to the text?

Monensin sodium Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily monensin consumption for pregnant dairy cows according to the text?

180 mg Signup and view all the answers

Why should energy intake, attitude, and fat mobilization be carefully monitored in individual cows during late gestation?

To avoid complications due to the precarious state of energy and carbohydrate balance Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor that can precipitate pregnancy toxemia in cows?

Large or multiple fetuses Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient accounts for approximately 50%–60% of fetal-placental energy substrates?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign of illness in cows affected by pregnancy toxemia?

Decreased rumination Signup and view all the answers

In late gestation, why does the dam mobilize amino acids from body stores?

To support her own metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What may indicate more severe and prolonged energy deficiency in cows affected by pregnancy toxemia?

Serous atrophy of perirenal and pericardial fat depots Signup and view all the answers

Which is a possible consequence of excessive mobilization of adipose tissue in cows with pregnancy toxemia?

Excess ketone body production Signup and view all the answers

What is one way in which cold, snowy weather may contribute to the development of pregnancy toxemia?

By increasing the animal's energy requirement Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is actively transported across the placenta in cows?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is a common postmortem lesion found in cows affected by pregnancy toxemia?

Serous atrophy of omental fat Signup and view all the answers

What role do amino acids play when the dam is undernourished and hypoglycemic?

Supply maternal tissues with nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What may be a specific finding in clinical chemistry tests for pregnant cows with pregnancy toxemia?

Ketonuria Signup and view all the answers

Why do well-conditioned cows also risk being affected by pregnancy toxemia?

Regardless of body condition, cows may develop the condition Signup and view all the answers