Pregnancy
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Questions and Answers

Which cells produce androstenedione?

  • Granulosa cells
  • Sertoli cells
  • Leydig cells
  • Theca cells (correct)

    • What is the main function of estrogen during pregnancy?

  • Stimulation of prolactin secretion
  • Feedback inhibition of FSH and LH
  • Indicator of fetal well-being (correct)
  • Development of internal/external genitalia

    • What is the order of potency of estrogens?

  • Estriol > Estradiol > Estrone
  • Estriol > Estrone > Estradiol
  • Estradiol > Estrone > Estriol (correct)
  • Estrone > Estriol > Estradiol

    • Which hormone is responsible for preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg during the luteal phase?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of progesterone during pregnancy?

    <p>Maintaining the endometrial lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the secretory phase in the uterine cycle?

    <p>Preparing for possible implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding for infants?

    <p>Decreased risk of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of menopause onset?

    <p>Around 50 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DHT in males?

    <p>Development of male external genitalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the earliest detectable secondary sexual characteristic in females?

    <p>Breast bud development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cardiovascular changes occur during late pregnancy?

    <p>Increased cardiac output (CO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone supports the corpus luteum during the first 8-10 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal change is common during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased GI motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)?

    <p>Promotes insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, which cells produce spermatids?

    <p>Spermatogonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which spermatids develop into mature spermatozoa called?

    <p>Spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to impaired tail mobility in sperm, resulting in infertility?

    <p>Ciliary dyskinesia/Kartagener syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of internal and external genitalia, breasts, and female fat distribution?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce androstenedione during estrogen production pathway?

    <p>Theca cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which estrogen has the highest potency?

    <p>Estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are estrogen receptors expressed?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates insulin resistance to ensure a supply of glucose and amino acids to the growing fetus?

    <p>Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Apgar score?

    <p>It assesses the newborn's vital signs at 1 minute and 5 minutes after delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered low birth weight for a newborn?

    <p>Birth weight &lt; 2500g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contributor to increased cardiac output in late pregnancy?

    <p>Heart rate (HR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone supports the corpus luteum during the first 8-10 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal change is common during pregnancy?

    <p>GI motility decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the secretory phase in the uterine cycle?

    <p>Preparing the endometrium for implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the endometrial lining and supporting pregnancy during pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of estrogen in the uterine cycle?

    <p>Develop and thicken the endometrium of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>A sudden release of LH (Luteinizing Hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of progesterone as an ovulation indicator?

    <p>Indicates the occurrence of ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the secretory phase in the uterine cycle?

    <p>To prepare the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the luteal phase in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>To transform the remaining follicle into the corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding for infants?

    <p>Decreased risk for diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>LH surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of progesterone during pregnancy?

    <p>Maintains the endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone supports the corpus luteum during the first 8-10 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of potency of estrogens?

    <p>Estrone &gt; Estradiol &gt; Estriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce androstenedione?

    <p>Adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal change is common during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased gastric acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the secretory phase in the uterine cycle?

    <p>Prepares the endometrium for implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DHT in males?

    <p>Balding and sebaceous gland activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce androstenedione?

    <p>Theca cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are estrogen receptors expressed?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the secretory phase in the uterine cycle?

    <p>Implantation of the fertilized egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DHT in males?

    <p>Promotes growth of facial hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>LH surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone supports the corpus luteum during the first 8-10 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal change is common during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased gastric acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the follicle transform into the corpus luteum?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main hormone responsible for maintaining the endometrial lining and supporting pregnancy during pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting sperm entry into the uterus by producing thick cervical mucus?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in pregnancy?

    <p>Detectable in home urine tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the secretory phase in the uterine cycle?

    <p>Prepare the uterus for implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the 2° oocyte is released from the ovary?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the proliferative phase in the uterine cycle?

    <p>Develop the endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for promoting insulin resistance to ensure a supply of glucose and amino acids to the growing fetus?

    <p>Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Apgar score?

    <p>To assess the newborn's vital signs at 1 minute and 5 minutes after delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oxytocin in lactation?

    <p>To assist in milk letdown (ejection)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average birth weight for a newborn with macrosomia?

    <blockquote> <p>4000g</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for supporting the corpus luteum during the first 8-10 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contributor to increased cardiac output in late pregnancy?

    <p>Increased heart rate (HR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) in pregnancy tests?

    <p>To detect pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding for infants?

    <p>Reduced risk of asthma and allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is menopause typically diagnosed?

    <p>Around 51 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the specific hormonal changes that occur during menopause?

    <p>Decreased estrogen, increased FSH, decreased LH, reduced GnRH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the differentiation of male internal genitalia and growth of penis, seminal vesicles, muscle, and red blood cells?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone plays a role in early differentiation of male external genitalia and later in prostate growth, balding, and sebaceous gland activity?

    <p>Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the earliest detectable secondary sexual characteristic in females?

    <p>Breast bud development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in females and 9 years in males?

    <p>Precocious puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the absence of secondary sexual characteristics by the age of 13 years in females and 14 years in males?

    <p>Delayed puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of precocious puberty?

    <p>Central precocious puberty and peripheral precocious puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the luteal phase, progesterone stimulates the development of which of the following structures in the uterus?

    <p>Endometrial glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting the release of LH during most of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of progesterone during pregnancy?

    <p>Maintaining the endometrial lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of LH in triggering ovulation?

    <p>Stimulating the release of the 2° oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the development and thickening of the endometrium in preparation for a possible pregnancy?

    <p>Proliferative phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe abnormal uterine bleeding that deviates from normal menstruation?

    <p>PALM-COEIN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts that can be detected in blood and urine tests to confirm pregnancy?

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of low birth weight in infants?

    <p>Increased risk of mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for promoting uterine contractions during lactation?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for maintaining progesterone levels and preventing abortion during the first 8-10 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of gestational diabetes?

    <p>Increased insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for promoting insulin resistance to ensure a supply of glucose and amino acids to the growing fetus?

    <p>Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of increased renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit associated with breastfeeding?

    <p>Reduced risk of ovarian cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is menopause typically diagnosed?

    <p>Around 51 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the differentiation of male internal genitalia?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DHT in males?

    <p>Promotes muscle growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary sexual characteristic is assessed separately from the others in Tanner stages?

    <p>Breasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in females and 9 years in males?

    <p>Precocious puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of delayed puberty?

    <p>Central nervous system problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male external genitalia?

    <p>DHT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of precocious puberty?

    <p>Central and peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells undergo spermiogenesis to form mature spermatozoa?

    <p>Spermatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of "gonium" in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Zooming to the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to impaired tail mobility and infertility?

    <p>Ciliary dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone can still cause infertility in individuals with absent vas deferens?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily produced by the ovaries?

    <p>17β-estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of potency of estrogens?

    <p>Estradiol &gt; Estrone &gt; Estriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are estrogen receptors expressed?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

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