Pregnancy Complications Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern associated with high blood pressure during pregnancy?

High blood pressure can reduce blood flow to the fetus, slowing growth and increasing the risk of preeclampsia and premature delivery.

How does gestational diabetes affect a pregnant mother's health?

Gestational diabetes increases glucose levels in the mother, which can lead to health complications and requires insulin for normalization.

What is preeclampsia and why is it concerning during pregnancy?

Preeclampsia is a serious condition linked to high blood pressure that can lead to premature delivery and complications for both the mother and baby.

Identify two signs of miscarriage before 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Vaginal spotting and cramping are common signs of miscarriage that may occur before 20 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential risks associated with iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy?

Iron-deficiency anemia can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, and is linked to preterm birth and low birth weight. Signup and view all the answers

What is the right age for pregnancy, and why is it considered optimal?

27 years old; it's considered optimal due to biological factors that can affect maternal and fetal health. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the hormone produced during pregnancy that plays a role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy.

Progesterone; it helps maintain the uterine lining and supports embryo development. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'paglilihi' and what does it signify in early pregnancy?

Paglilihi refers to the first two months of pregnancy; it is a period marked by early pregnancy symptoms and hormonal changes. Signup and view all the answers

List three ways to boost dopamine levels naturally.

Listening to good music, engaging in pleasure-seeking activities, and having a healthy diet. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on oxytocin levels?

Stress blocks oxytocin production, reducing feelings of connection and happiness. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the rooting reflex in infants.

The rooting reflex is when an infant turns their head towards a stroked cheek and opens their mouth for feeding. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes communicable diseases from contagious diseases?

Communicable diseases can be transmitted from person to person, while contagious diseases spread through direct contact or vectors. Signup and view all the answers

Name one prevention method for dengue and explain its importance.

Avoiding mosquito bites; it's essential because dengue is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which can lead to severe illness. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five stages of grief according to the stages of grief framework?

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance. Signup and view all the answers

What role does estrogen play in women's health during menopause?

Estrogen helps form serotonin and protects against irritability, with levels decreasing during menopause. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pregnancy Complications

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Narrowed arteries increase blood pressure, reducing fetal blood flow, potentially slowing growth, and increasing risks of preeclampsia and premature birth. Sometimes, acupuncture and acupressure are explored as complementary therapies.
Gestational Diabetes: Diabetes develops during pregnancy due to insufficient or ineffective insulin production. High blood glucose levels affect the mother's health and may require insulin management.
Infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs) and general infections can be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy or delivery.
Preeclampsia: A serious condition often linked to high blood pressure during pregnancy which can lead to premature birth and complications in both the mother and baby. Prevention involves adequate prenatal care, and possible use of traditional remedies.
Preterm Labor: Labor starting before 37 weeks gestation increases risks of health problems for the developing organs and brain.
Pregnancy Loss (Miscarriage): Loss of pregnancy from natural causes before week 20. Signs may include vaginal spotting, cramping, passing tissue.
Depression and Anxiety: Postpartum depression commonly affects sleep and energy levels, potentially impacting 43% of women during and after pregnancy.
Stillbirth: Pregnancy loss after the 20th week potentially due to chromosomal abnormalities, infection, or placental issues. Not always clear causes exist.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Insufficient iron levels, for the increased blood supply required in pregnancy, can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. Iron supplementation often recommended.
Insufficient Amniotic Fluid: Associated with breech positions and delivery complications. The amniotic sac is crucial for fetal development.

Happy Hormones

Dopamine: Involved in the brain's reward system and pleasure-seeking behaviors. Stimulated by listening to music.
Serotonin: A mood-boosting neurotransmitter. Levels can increase with exercise, good diet. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to regulate serotonin.
Oxytocin: A neurotransmitter and hormone, often referred to as "the love hormone", associated with kindness. Impacts women's physiology and happiness more so than men's. Stimulated by spending time with loved ones and being kind to others.
Estrogen: Helps in serotonin formation and prevents irritability. Levels decrease with menopause and perimenopause ("around menopause").
Progesterone: Aids in sleep, prevents anxiety, and regulates mood swings. Levels decrease in perimenopause after age 35-40. Maintain healthy hormone levels by watching diet.

Boosting Happy Hormones

Include activities such as listening to good music, eating nutritious foods, cuddling loved ones, doing yoga/meditation, and taking hot baths.
Avoid saturated fats and sugars.

Baby/Infant Reflexes

Rooting: Infant turns head towards stimulation on the cheek and opens mouth for feeding.
Gripping: Infant grasps items presented to their hand firmly.
Toe Curling: Infant curls toes when inner sole is touched and toes spread when outer sole is touched.
Moro (Startle): Infant throws back head and extends arms/legs, often followed by crying, in response to a sudden noise or movement.
Galant: Infant curves towards stroked side of lower back.

Infectious Diseases in Filipino Children

Primarily caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Some are communicable. Some spread through contact, mosquito bites, or contaminated food.

Common Childhood Illnesses

Common Cold: Viral infection of the respiratory system. Symptoms include runny nose, sneezing, coughing, and fever.
Chicken Pox: Viral respiratory infection. Symptoms include runny nose, sneezing, coughing, and fever.
Dengue: Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, joint/muscle pain, skin rash. Prevention involves avoiding mosquito bites, using repellents, and eliminating breeding grounds.
Hepatitis: Viral infection (types A and B). Symptoms include jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and nausea. Transmitted via contaminated food/water or infected bodily fluids.
Diarrhea: Caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites (e.g., rotavirus, E. coli). Symptoms include loose stools and dehydration. Prevention includes proper hygiene, safe water, and cooked food.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD): Caused by Coxsackievirus 16. Symptoms include fever, mouth sores, and rash on hands and feet. Transmitted through saliva, nasal secretions, and feces.
Influenza (Flu): Caused by influenza virus. Symptoms include high fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches. Prevention includes vaccination.
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR): Viral infections preventable by the MMR vaccine. Each has specific symptoms (e.g., fever, rash). Transmitted through airborne droplets.
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Bacteria or virus-related. Symptoms include red, itchy eyes, and discharge. Transmitted by contact with infected hands, objects, fluids.
Tuberculosis (TB): Bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Symptoms include chronic cough, weight loss, fever, night sweats. Transmitted by airborne droplets from coughing/sneezing.

Stages of Grief

Denial: Rejection of reality, common defense mechanism.
Anger: Negative emotional reaction.
Bargaining: Negotiation (trying to make deals).
Depression: sadness, fatigue
Acceptance: Accepting reality, reflecting on memories. Grief can cycle if not fully processed, and stagnation in any stage may indicate a mental health issue.

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Description

This quiz covers various complications that can arise during pregnancy, including high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, infections, preeclampsia, and preterm labor. Understanding these issues is essential for expectant mothers and healthcare providers to ensure the health of both mother and baby. Test your knowledge on the symptoms, treatments, and prevention strategies related to these complications.