30 Questions
What is the primary benefit of maintaining adequate iron levels during pregnancy?
Preventing low birth weight
Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of folate deficiency during pregnancy?
Iron deficiency anemia
What is the active form of folate used for DNA reproduction and homocysteine regulation?
L-methylfolate
What is the primary benefit of prenatal folic acid supplementation around the time of conception?
Lowering the risk of autistic disorder
Which of the following factors may increase a woman's need for special prenatal supplements?
All of the above
Which statement is true regarding maternal weight before pregnancy?
Higher maternal weight increases the risk of late fetal death
What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?
It inhibits uterine contractions to prevent premature birth.
Which of the following statements about metabolic changes during pregnancy is correct?
Insulin resistance and increased lipolysis ensure a continuous nutrient supply to the fetus.
What is the primary function of oxytocin during labor?
It stimulates contractions of the uterine muscle to aid in childbirth.
Which of the following statements about breast changes during pregnancy is incorrect?
The areolas lighten in color to facilitate breastfeeding.
What is the primary function of the immune system adaptation during pregnancy?
It prevents the body from rejecting the fetus while protecting against infection.
What is the potential consequence of maternal underweight during pregnancy?
Increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm delivery.
What is the primary purpose of lactogenesis?
To transform the mammary gland for milk secretion
At what stage does lactogenesis involve the maturation of alveolar cells?
Secretory activation
What hormone plays a role in inhibiting further differentiation during lactogenesis?
Progesterone
When can small amounts of milk be secreted during lactogenesis?
16 weeks gestation
What triggers the onset of milk secretion in lactogenesis?
Withdrawal of estrogens and progesterone
When does lactation initiation require infant sucking?
Within 3 to 4 days postpartum
Which of the following is NOT a mineral found in human milk?
Zinc
What percentage of the total nitrogen in human milk represents non-protein nitrogenous compounds?
25%
Which of the following is NOT a component found in human milk that contributes to the infant's digestive health and immune development?
Antibiotics
Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to affect the composition of human milk?
Diet
Which of the following is considered the best 'galactagogue' (milk production stimulant) when trying to increase milk supply?
The action of increased pumping
Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential galactagogue (milk production stimulant)?
Caffeine
Where is oxytocin synthesized and secreted when activated by afferent impulses from the suckling infant?
Hypothalamus
What stimulates the myoepithelial cells to contract during the milk ejection reflex?
Oxytocin
What type of impulses activate the dorsal root ganglia via intercostal nerves in response to suckling stimulation?
Afferent impulses
Where is oxytocin stored before being released into nearby capillaries during the milk ejection reflex?
Posterior pituitary gland
Which part of the brain receives afferent impulses from the suckling infant and synthesizes oxytocin?
Hypothalamus
What stimulates the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus to release oxytocin into the posterior pituitary gland?
Suckling infant's touch receptors activation
Test your knowledge on the biological changes that occur during pregnancy. Learn about the role of relaxin in preventing premature birth, immune system adaptations, and metabolic changes during pregnancy.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
