Pregnancy Biology and Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of maintaining adequate iron levels during pregnancy?

  • Reducing the risk of cleft lip and palate
  • Preventing low birth weight (correct)
  • Reducing the risk of preterm birth
  • Preventing neural tube defects
  • Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of folate deficiency during pregnancy?

  • Neural tube defects
  • Structural heart disease
  • Cleft lip and palate
  • Iron deficiency anemia (correct)
  • What is the active form of folate used for DNA reproduction and homocysteine regulation?

  • Vitamin B6
  • Folic acid
  • L-methylfolate (correct)
  • Vitamin B12
  • What is the primary benefit of prenatal folic acid supplementation around the time of conception?

    <p>Lowering the risk of autistic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors may increase a woman's need for special prenatal supplements?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding maternal weight before pregnancy?

    <p>Higher maternal weight increases the risk of late fetal death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?

    <p>It inhibits uterine contractions to prevent premature birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about metabolic changes during pregnancy is correct?

    <p>Insulin resistance and increased lipolysis ensure a continuous nutrient supply to the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxytocin during labor?

    <p>It stimulates contractions of the uterine muscle to aid in childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about breast changes during pregnancy is incorrect?

    <p>The areolas lighten in color to facilitate breastfeeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the immune system adaptation during pregnancy?

    <p>It prevents the body from rejecting the fetus while protecting against infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of maternal underweight during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of lactogenesis?

    <p>To transform the mammary gland for milk secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does lactogenesis involve the maturation of alveolar cells?

    <p>Secretory activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone plays a role in inhibiting further differentiation during lactogenesis?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can small amounts of milk be secreted during lactogenesis?

    <p>16 weeks gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the onset of milk secretion in lactogenesis?

    <p>Withdrawal of estrogens and progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does lactation initiation require infant sucking?

    <p>Within 3 to 4 days postpartum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mineral found in human milk?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total nitrogen in human milk represents non-protein nitrogenous compounds?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component found in human milk that contributes to the infant's digestive health and immune development?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to affect the composition of human milk?

    <p>Diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered the best 'galactagogue' (milk production stimulant) when trying to increase milk supply?

    <p>The action of increased pumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential galactagogue (milk production stimulant)?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is oxytocin synthesized and secreted when activated by afferent impulses from the suckling infant?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the myoepithelial cells to contract during the milk ejection reflex?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of impulses activate the dorsal root ganglia via intercostal nerves in response to suckling stimulation?

    <p>Afferent impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is oxytocin stored before being released into nearby capillaries during the milk ejection reflex?

    <p>Posterior pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain receives afferent impulses from the suckling infant and synthesizes oxytocin?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus to release oxytocin into the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Suckling infant's touch receptors activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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