Langman's Chapter 7-9

What is the primary function of the septum transversum during embryonic development?

Which of the following birth defects is associated with the failure of loops of bowel to return to the body cavity during the 6th to 10th weeks of gestation?

What is the name of the membrane that covers the bowel in an omphalocele?

During which stage of embryonic development does the cranial end of the embryo grow and curve, resulting in the position of the septum transversum?

What is the term for the normal herniation of loops of bowel into the umbilical cord during the 6th to 10th weeks of gestation?

What is the primary function of the growth of the head and tail regions in the embryo?

Which structure is an exception to the closure of the ventral body wall during embryonic development?

What is the primary function of the mesothelial cells derived from the parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm?

During which period of gestation does the vitelline duct degenerate?

What is the consequence of a failure in the closure of the ventral body wall during embryonic development?

Which of the following structures maintains an attachment to the yolk sac as the yolk sac duct?

What is the result of the failure of the ventral body wall to close?

What is the function of the parietal mesoderm?

Which of the following structures surrounds the embryo and extends over the connecting stalk?

What is the name of the cavity formed between the visceral and parietal layers of lateral plate mesoderm?

What is the typical number of placentas found in monzygotic twins?

What is the consequence of large anastomoses in monzygotic twins?

What is the percentage of twins that are born preterm?

What is the relative risk of infant mortality in twin pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancies?

In which stage of development do the fetal membranes separate into individual amniotic and chorionic cavities?

What is the term for the abnormality associated with twin pregnancies?

What is the consequence of a fused placenta in monzygotic twins?

In which type of monzygotic twins do the embryos have a common placenta, chorionic cavity, and amniotic cavity?

What is the characteristic of the fetal membranes in type B monzygotic twins?

What is the risk factor for twin pregnancies?

What is the term used to describe the study of birth defects and congenital malformations?

What is the condition called when there is too much space (fluid accumulation) in the amniotic cavity, as shown by an ultrasound at 7 months' gestation?

What is the primary function of the placenta in terms of protecting the fetus from toxic factors?

In cases of conjoined twins, how many placentas are present?

What is the term used to describe a birth defect or congenital malformation?

What is the primary cause of ectopia cordis?

Which of the following defects is characterized by a cleft in the thoracic wall?

What is the primary difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele?

What is the resulting effect of a closure defect in the pelvic region?

What is the primary consequence of a failure of the ventral body wall to close?

What is the primary function of the placenta during fetal development?

During the second month of fetal development, the trophoblast is characterized by?

What is the derivative of the fetal component of the placenta?

What is the term for the villi that extend from the mesoderm of the chorionic plate to the cytotrophoblast shell?

What is the significance of the increase in surface area between maternal and fetal components during the ninth week of fetal development?

What is the approximate percentage of newborns that have a single umbilical artery and are at risk of having cardiac and vascular defects?

What is the term used to describe a condition where there is an excess of amniotic fluid (>1500-2000 mL)?

What is the primary cause of preterm PROM (Premature Rupture of Membranes)?

What is the consequence of oligohydramnios on fetal development?

What is the term used to describe the rupture of the membranes before uterine contractions begin?

What is the primary function of the increase in surface area between maternal and fetal components during fetal development?

Which of the following structures is derived from the extraembryonic mesoderm?

What is the characteristic of the villi in the trophoblast during the second month of fetal development?

What is the name of the condition where there is too much space (fluid accumulation) in the amniotic cavity?

What is the term used to describe the study of birth defects and congenital malformations?

What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid?

What is the composition of the umbilical cord?

What is the characteristic of fetal membranes in dizygotic twins?

What is the consequence of an excessive amount of amniotic fluid?

What is the function of the placenta in providing passive immunity to the fetus?

What is the term used to describe the abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord into the chorionic membranes outside the placenta?

What is the function of the spiral arteries that pierce the decidual plate and enter the intervillous spaces?

What is the term used to describe the structure that converges towards the umbilical cord and is covered by the chorionic plate?

What is the structure that covers the fetal surface of the placenta entirely?

What is the consequence of the umbilical cord being tightly wound around the abdomen?

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses such as rubella, cytomegalovirus, and varicella can cross the placental barrier?

What is the primary consequence of maternal use of heroin and cocaine during pregnancy?

During which stage of development does the amniotic cavity enlarge rapidly at the expense of the chorionic cavity?

What is the primary function of the connecting stalk, which passes through the ring during the fifth week of development?

What is the primary structure that occupies a space in the chorionic cavity, between the amnion and chorionic plate?

What is the probability of a major malformation in an infant with three or more minor anomalies?

What is the typical dosage of vitamin A in multivitamins that is considered safe during pregnancy?

What is the name of the syndrome caused by the anticonvulsant trimethadione?

Which facial feature is particularly common in the fetal hydantoin syndrome?

What is the probability of a major malformation in an infant with one minor anomaly?

Which of the following anticonvulsants has a broad spectrum of abnormalities?

What is the significance of ear anomalies in prenatal diagnosis?

What is the risk of infant mortality in twin pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancies?

What is the term for the study of birth defects and congenital malformations?

What is the consequence of taking more than one multivitamin a day during pregnancy?

What is the term used to describe the study of birth defects and congenital malformations?

What is the primary function of the placenta in protecting the fetus from toxic factors?

What is the consequence of a fused placenta in monzygotic twins?

What is the term for a birth defect or congenital malformation?

What is the typical number of placentas found in monzygotic twins?

What is the fate of the lateral plate mesoderm during the fourth week of embryonic development?

What is the name of the structure formed by the fusion of the visceral layer of lateral plate mesoderm and the underlying endoderm?

What is the consequence of the lateral body wall folds meeting in the midline during the fourth week of embryonic development?

What is the name of the layer of mesoderm that forms the gut tube and is continuous with the visceral layer of extraembryonic mesoderm covering the yolk sac?

What is the name of the structure formed by the parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm and the overlying ectoderm?

What is the result of the growth of the lateral body wall folds during the fourth week of embryonic development?

What is the name of the space created between the parietal and visceral layers of lateral plate mesoderm?

What is the consequence of the failure of the lateral body wall folds to meet in the midline during the fourth week of embryonic development?

What is the main purpose of the pleuroperitoneal folds during the seventh week of development?

What is the consequence of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

What is the percentage of congenital diaphragmatic hernias that occur on the left side?

What is the structure that forms the most peripheral part of the diaphragm?

What is the frequency of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborns?

What is the consequence of a failure of one or both of the pleuroperitoneal membranes to close?

What is the relation between the opening between the sternal inferior and costal heads of the diaphragm and the esophagus?

What is the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

What is the approximate percentage of the internal surface of the uterus covered by the placenta throughout pregnancy?

At what stage does the uterine cavity become obliterated by the fusion of the chorion laeve and the decidua parietalis?

What is the typical diameter of the placenta at full term?

What is the function of the decidua basalis in relation to the placenta?

What is the consequence of the growth of the placenta?

What is the weight of the placenta at full term?

What is the process by which the placenta is expelled from the uterine cavity after birth?

What is the term for the bulging areas on the maternal side of the placenta?

What is the primary function of the connecting stalk that passes through the ring during the fifth week of development?

During the fifth week of development, what structure occupies a space in the chorionic cavity?

Which of the following viruses can traverse the placenta without difficulty?

What is the consequence of maternal use of heroin and cocaine during pregnancy?

During further development, what happens to the amniotic cavity?

What is the result of the rapid growth of the amniotic cavity?

What is the structure that connects the intraembryonic and extraembryonic cavities?

What is the composition of the umbilical cord?

What is the effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on embryonic and fetal development?

What is the effect of maternal cocaine use on fetal development?

What is the difficulty in assessing the effects of cocaine on fetal development?

What is the association between maternal alcohol ingestion and fetal development?

What is the effect of phencyclidine (PCP) on embryonic and fetal development?

What is the effect of marijuana on embryonic and fetal development?

What is the effect of tobacco on embryonic and fetal development?

What is the commonality between cocaine and alcohol use during pregnancy?