Questions and Answers
What is manufacturing?
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products
What does NMCC stand for?
National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council
What influences industrial locations?
Availability of raw material, labour, capital, power, and market
Urbanization follows after industrial activity starts.
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What do cities provide to industries?
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Give examples of agro-based industries.
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What are basic/key industries?
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What are examples of consumer industries?
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How is classification of industries based on capital investment determined?
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What are the types of ownership classification of industries?
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What is the definition of the public sector?
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What is the private sector?
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What characterizes joint sector industries?
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What does OIL stand for?
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What are examples of cooperative sector industries?
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What is the classification of industries based on the weight of raw materials?
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Where was the first successful textile mill established?
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Which country is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods?
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Where are most jute mills in India located?
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Where are most sugar mills in India found?
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What are mineral-based industries?
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What does SAIL stand for?
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Which country is the largest producer and consumer of steel?
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Where is the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries in India?
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Why are most iron and steel industries in the Chotanagpur plateau region?
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What is aluminum used for?
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Where are aluminum smelting plants located in India?
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What do inorganic chemicals include?
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What is sulphuric acid used for?
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What is soda ash used for?
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What do organic chemicals include?
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What about potash in India?
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What is cement essential for?
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What does the cement industry require?
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Why have cement plants been placed in Gujarat?
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Where was the first cement plant in India set up?
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Where is the automobile industry located in India?
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What does the electronics industry cover?
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What is the electronic capital of India?
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What does BPO stand for?
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What causes air pollution?
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What emits smoke?
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What causes water pollution?
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Which industries contribute to water pollution?
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What things pollute water bodies?
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What causes thermal pollution?
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What are the effects of noise pollution?
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What is NTPC?
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What does EMS stand for?
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What is the full form of NTPC?
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What is the aim of NTPC?
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How has the fertilizer industry in India expanded?
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Who is the largest producer of sponge iron?
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What are the major challenges in the sugar industry?
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What is NJP?
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Where was the first jute mill set up?
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What is an integrated steel plant?
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When was India's industrial policy announced?
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Who are the leading producers of sugar in India?
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What challenges does the iron and steel industry face in India?
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What is the objective of NMCC?
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What are agglomeration economics?
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The textile industry is the only industry that is self-reliant in India.
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Where is spinning centralized in India?
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What is an index of a country's development?
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Where are organic chemical plants located?
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How many cotton and human-made fiber textile mills are there in India?
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What industries are Nalco and Balco associated with?
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Study Notes
Manufacturing Industries Overview
- Manufacturing involves producing large quantities of goods from raw materials, enhancing their value.
- The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) aims to improve productivity in the manufacturing sector.
Factors Influencing Industrial Locations
- Industrial locations rely on accessibility to raw materials, labor, capital, power, and markets at low costs.
- Urbanization typically follows industrial activity, with industries often locating near cities for benefits such as market access and services.
Industry Classifications
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Industries are classified based on raw material sources:
- Agro-based industries (e.g., cotton, silk, rubber).
- Mineral-based industries (e.g., cement, aluminum, iron, steel).
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Classifications by role:
- Basic industries supply raw materials (e.g., copper smelting).
- Consumer industries produce goods for direct consumer use (e.g., toothpaste, sugar).
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Based on capital investment:
- Industries with investments over a crore are considered large scale, while those below are small scale.
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Ownership classifications include public, private, joint, and cooperative sectors.
Key Industry Characteristics
- Public sector industries (e.g., BHEL, SAIL) are government-owned.
- Private sector industries (e.g., TISCO, Dabur) are individually owned.
- Joint sector industries (e.g., OIL) involve state and private ownership.
- Cooperative sectors are owned by producers or suppliers, like in Kerala's car industry.
Industrial Examples
- The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.
- India is the largest producer of raw jute, primarily processed in West Bengal along the Hugli river.
- Significant sugar mill locations include Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Maharashtra.
Mineral-Based Industries
- These industries utilize minerals/metals as raw materials.
- India houses the largest sponge iron producer and high concentration of iron and steel industries, mainly in the Chotanagpur Plateau due to low costs and abundant resources.
Environmental Impact
- Industrial activities contribute to multiple forms of pollution:
- Air pollution from gases like sulfur dioxide.
- Water pollution due to inorganic waste from industries like paper and textiles.
- Noise pollution causing irritation and health impacts.
Challenges and Developments
- The sugar industry faces hurdles such as inefficient production methods and transportation delays.
- The iron and steel industry contends with high coking coal costs, limited productivity, and poor infrastructure.
Government Policies
- The National Jute Policy, established in 2005, aims to bolster jute productivity and ensure fair pricing for farmers.
- The Industrial Policy of India was announced in 1991 to guide economic reforms.
Sector Insights
- The textile industry is unique in self-reliance within India and includes about 1600 cotton and synthetic fiber mills.
- Organic chemical plants are typically located near oil refineries, emphasizing the industry's connection to petroleum resources.
- The automobile industry is primarily based around metropolitan areas like Delhi and Mumbai, while Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of India.
Key Organizations
- NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) is a prominent power provider focusing on environmental preservation.
- The Environment Management System (EMS) is vital for reducing industrial environmental footprints.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts related to manufacturing industries as outlined in CBSE Class 10 Geography. It covers important terms like 'Manufacturing' and the role of the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC). Test your understanding of industrial locations and the various factors that influence manufacturing activities.