Preethi's CBSE Class 10 Geography - Manufacturing Industries
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Questions and Answers

What is manufacturing?

Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products

What does NMCC stand for?

National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council

What influences industrial locations?

Availability of raw material, labour, capital, power, and market

Urbanization follows after industrial activity starts.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do cities provide to industries?

<p>Markets and services such as banking, insurance, labour, and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of agro-based industries.

<p>Cotton, silk, rubber, sugar, and tea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are basic/key industries?

<p>Industries that supply their products/raw materials to manufacture other goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of consumer industries?

<p>Toothpaste, sugar, and paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is classification of industries based on capital investment determined?

<p>If maximum investment is over a crore, it is a large scale industry; otherwise, it is a small scale industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of ownership classification of industries?

<p>Public sector, private sector, joint sector, and cooperative sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the public sector?

<p>Owned and operated by government agencies like BHEL and SAIL</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the private sector?

<p>Owned and operated by an individual or group of individuals, e.g., TISCO and Dabur industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes joint sector industries?

<p>Owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does OIL stand for?

<p>Oil India Ltd</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of cooperative sector industries?

<p>Car industry in Kerala and sugar industry in Maharashtra</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of industries based on the weight of raw materials?

<p>Heavy and light industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the first successful textile mill established?

<p>Mumbai in 1854</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods?

<p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are most jute mills in India located?

<p>West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hugli river</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are most sugar mills in India found?

<p>Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Maharashtra</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mineral-based industries?

<p>Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SAIL stand for?

<p>Steel Authority of India Ltd</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the largest producer and consumer of steel?

<p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries in India?

<p>Chotanagpur plateau region</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are most iron and steel industries in the Chotanagpur plateau region?

<p>Low cost of iron ore, high-grade raw materials, cheap labour, and vast growth potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aluminum used for?

<p>Manufacturing aircraft, utensils, and wires</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are aluminum smelting plants located in India?

<p>Odisha, West Bengal, and Kerala</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do inorganic chemicals include?

<p>Sulphuric acid, nitric acid, alkalies, soda ash, and caustic soda</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sulphuric acid used for?

<p>Manufacturing plastics, paints, and synthetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is soda ash used for?

<p>Making glass, soap, and paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do organic chemicals include?

<p>Petrochemicals used in manufacturing synthetic fibers, rubbers, and pharmaceuticals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What about potash in India?

<p>Is entirely imported as India does not have reserves of commercially usable potash</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cement essential for?

<p>Construction of roads, houses, and bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cement industry require?

<p>Heavy and bulky raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina, and gypsum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have cement plants been placed in Gujarat?

<p>They have suitable access to the market in Gulf countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the first cement plant in India set up?

<p>Chennai in 1904</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the automobile industry located in India?

<p>Around Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, and Pune</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the electronics industry cover?

<p>A wide range of products like TVs, telephones, computers, and other telecommunication equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electronic capital of India?

<p>Bangalore</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does BPO stand for?

<p>Business Process Outsourcing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes air pollution?

<p>High proportions of undesirable gases like sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emits smoke?

<p>Chemical and paper factories, refineries, and smelting plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes water pollution?

<p>Organic and inorganic industrial wastes discharged into rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which industries contribute to water pollution?

<p>Paper, pulp, chemical, and textile industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What things pollute water bodies?

<p>Dyes, detergents, pesticides, and fertilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes thermal pollution?

<p>When hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of noise pollution?

<p>Irritation, anger, hearing impairment, high blood pressure, and increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NTPC?

<p>A major power providing corporation in India</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does EMS stand for?

<p>Environment Management System</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the full form of NTPC?

<p>National Thermal Power Corporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of NTPC?

<p>To preserve the natural environment and resources while setting up power plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the fertilizer industry in India expanded?

<p>After the Green Revolution, it expanded to Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the largest producer of sponge iron?

<p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major challenges in the sugar industry?

<p>Seasonal nature of the industry, old methods of production, transport delays, and need to maximize use of baggage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NJP?

<p>The National Jute Policy was formulated in 2005 to increase productivity and ensure good prices for jute farmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the first jute mill set up?

<p>Near Kolkata in Rishra in 1859</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an integrated steel plant?

<p>A large facility that handles everything from raw materials to steel making</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was India's industrial policy announced?

<p>1991</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the leading producers of sugar in India?

<p>Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Maharashtra</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges does the iron and steel industry face in India?

<p>High cost and limited availability of coking coal, lower productivity, poor infrastructure, and irregular energy supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of NMCC?

<p>Improving the productivity of the manufacturing sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are agglomeration economics?

<p>When many industries come together to use the advantages offered by urban centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

The textile industry is the only industry that is self-reliant in India.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is spinning centralized in India?

<p>Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an index of a country's development?

<p>Production and consumption of steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are organic chemical plants located?

<p>Near oil refineries or petrochemical plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cotton and human-made fiber textile mills are there in India?

<p>About 1600</p> Signup and view all the answers

What industries are Nalco and Balco associated with?

<p>The aluminum industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Manufacturing

Producing goods in large quantities from raw materials, increasing their value.

NMCC

National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council, focusing on improving manufacturing productivity.

Industrial Location Factors

Accessibility to raw materials, labor, capital, power, and markets, all at low costs, influence where industries are located.

Urbanization & Industry

Cities grow (urbanization) because industries (factories) locate near them for access to markets and services.

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Agro-based Industries

Industries using agricultural products as raw materials (e.g., cotton, silk, rubber).

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Mineral-based Industries

Industries using minerals/metals as raw materials (e.g., cement, iron, steel).

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Basic Industries

Industries that supply raw materials to other industries (e.g., copper smelting).

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Consumer Industries

Industries producing goods for direct use by consumers (e.g., toothpaste, sugar).

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Large-scale industries

Industries with investments exceeding a crore.

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Small-scale Industries

Industries with investments below a crore.

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Public Sector Industries

Government-owned industries (e.g., BHEL, SAIL).

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Private Sector Industries

Industries owned by individuals (e.g., TISCO, Dabur).

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Joint Sector Industries

Industries with both government and private ownership (e.g., OIL).

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Cooperative Sectors

Industries owned by producers or suppliers (e.g., some sectors in Kerala's car industry).

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First Textile Mill (India)

Established in Mumbai in 1854.

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Jute Production

India is the largest producer of raw jute, mainly processed in West Bengal's Hugli River region.

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Sugar Mill Locations

Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Maharashtra are major sugar mill locations.

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Pollution from Industries

Industrial activities cause air pollution (sulfur dioxide), water pollution (inorganic waste), and noise pollution.

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National Jute Policy

Government policy to improve jute productivity and pricing for farmers.

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Industrial Policy of India

1991 policy to guide economic reforms in India's industries.

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Textile Industry Self-Reliance

India's textile industry, with about 1600 cotton and synthetic mills, is largely self-reliant.

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Organic Chemical Location

Organic chemical plants often near oil refineries due to their reliance on petroleum resources.

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Automobile Industry Location

Automobile industry concentrated around big metropolitan cities like Delhi and Mumbai, with Bangalore as an emerging electronic hub.

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NTPC

National Thermal Power Corporation, a major power provider with a focus on environmental protection.

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Environmental Management System (EMS)

System vital for minimizing industrial environmental impact.

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Iron and Steel Industry Challenges

The iron and steel industry faces issues like high coking coal costs, low productivity, and poor infrastructure.

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Study Notes

Manufacturing Industries Overview

  • Manufacturing involves producing large quantities of goods from raw materials, enhancing their value.
  • The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) aims to improve productivity in the manufacturing sector.

Factors Influencing Industrial Locations

  • Industrial locations rely on accessibility to raw materials, labor, capital, power, and markets at low costs.
  • Urbanization typically follows industrial activity, with industries often locating near cities for benefits such as market access and services.

Industry Classifications

  • Industries are classified based on raw material sources:

    • Agro-based industries (e.g., cotton, silk, rubber).
    • Mineral-based industries (e.g., cement, aluminum, iron, steel).

  • Classifications by role:

    • Basic industries supply raw materials (e.g., copper smelting).
    • Consumer industries produce goods for direct consumer use (e.g., toothpaste, sugar).

  • Based on capital investment:

    • Industries with investments over a crore are considered large scale, while those below are small scale.

  • Ownership classifications include public, private, joint, and cooperative sectors.

Key Industry Characteristics

  • Public sector industries (e.g., BHEL, SAIL) are government-owned.
  • Private sector industries (e.g., TISCO, Dabur) are individually owned.
  • Joint sector industries (e.g., OIL) involve state and private ownership.
  • Cooperative sectors are owned by producers or suppliers, like in Kerala's car industry.

Industrial Examples

  • The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.
  • India is the largest producer of raw jute, primarily processed in West Bengal along the Hugli river.
  • Significant sugar mill locations include Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Maharashtra.

Mineral-Based Industries

  • These industries utilize minerals/metals as raw materials.
  • India houses the largest sponge iron producer and high concentration of iron and steel industries, mainly in the Chotanagpur Plateau due to low costs and abundant resources.

Environmental Impact

  • Industrial activities contribute to multiple forms of pollution:
    • Air pollution from gases like sulfur dioxide.
    • Water pollution due to inorganic waste from industries like paper and textiles.
    • Noise pollution causing irritation and health impacts.

Challenges and Developments

  • The sugar industry faces hurdles such as inefficient production methods and transportation delays.
  • The iron and steel industry contends with high coking coal costs, limited productivity, and poor infrastructure.

Government Policies

  • The National Jute Policy, established in 2005, aims to bolster jute productivity and ensure fair pricing for farmers.
  • The Industrial Policy of India was announced in 1991 to guide economic reforms.

Sector Insights

  • The textile industry is unique in self-reliance within India and includes about 1600 cotton and synthetic fiber mills.
  • Organic chemical plants are typically located near oil refineries, emphasizing the industry's connection to petroleum resources.
  • The automobile industry is primarily based around metropolitan areas like Delhi and Mumbai, while Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of India.

Key Organizations

  • NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) is a prominent power provider focusing on environmental preservation.
  • The Environment Management System (EMS) is vital for reducing industrial environmental footprints.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts related to manufacturing industries as outlined in CBSE Class 10 Geography. It covers important terms like 'Manufacturing' and the role of the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC). Test your understanding of industrial locations and the various factors that influence manufacturing activities.

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