Preeclampsia Signs and Symptoms Quiz

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What is one of the causes of ankle edema in pregnancy according to the text?

Elevating the legs when sitting
Reduced sodium levels due to hormonal influences
Increased venous congestion in the legs (correct)
Optimal caloric and protein intake

What contributes to impaired venous return in pregnancy, leading to ankle edema?

Prolonged standing or sitting (correct)
Elevating the legs when sitting
Optimal caloric and protein intake
Increased sodium levels due to hormonal influences

How should pregnant women manage mild ankle edema according to the text?

Increase sodium intake and elevate their legs when sitting
Maintain hydration and limit sodium intake (correct)
Rest for an hour with their feet lower than their heart
Consume a diet low in potassium and high in sodium

What impairs reabsorption of fluid into the intravascular compartment, contributing to ankle edema in pregnancy?

Obstruction of the lymphatic flow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What tests are typically performed on the baby to assess its well-being in cases of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy?

Nonstress test and biophysical profile (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy is the biophysical profile test commonly performed?

Third trimester (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of complete abruption of the placenta during pregnancy?

Fetal death is extremely likely if not hospitalized at the time of the event (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the viability of a fetus, according to the text?

24 weeks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of pregnancy loss in the first trimester?

Chromosomal abnormalities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate proportion of pregnancies that are unplanned?

50% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can be used for medical abortions up to 49 days of pregnancy?

Mifepristone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) based on blood pressure readings?

Greater than 140/90 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) among all pregnancies?

12% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main test involved in fetal heart rate surveillance if the patient is post 32 to 34 weeks of pregnancy?

Non-stress test (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should pregnant women do at home to check fetal activity?

Perform kick counts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked in addition to blood pressure surveillance for patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)?

Kidney function tests (D) Signup and view all the answers

What non-pharmacologic management strategies are recommended for hemorrhoids during pregnancy?

High fiber diet, increased fluids, and avoiding long periods of sitting on the toilet (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of leg cramps during pregnancy?

Imbalance of calcium and phosphorus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first line of treatment for epistaxis (nosebleeds) during pregnancy?

Compressing the soft outer portion of the nose against the midline septum for five to ten minutes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of leukorrhea during pregnancy?

Increased blood flow to the pelvic area (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is considered safe for use in pregnancy for nasal congestion?

Rhinocort (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of hemorrhoids during pregnancy?

Increased pressure in the rectal veins due to growing uterine pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should pregnant women do to prevent leg cramps at night?

Stretch hamstring and calf muscles before bedtime, stay hydrated, and increase magnesium rich foods intake (D) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to nasal congestion and epistaxis during pregnancy?

Estrogen-induced hyper secretion of mucus and increased blood flow to the nasopharynx (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended non-pharmacologic management strategies for leukorrhea during pregnancy?

Wear a perineal pad and change it frequently, daily bathing, good perineal hygiene, and avoid douching and tampons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to hemorrhoids during pregnancy?

Increased pressure in the rectal veins due to growing uterine pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT recommended for nasal congestion during pregnancy?

Sudafed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of nasal congestion and epistaxis during pregnancy?

Estrogen-induced hyper secretion of mucus and increased blood flow to the nasopharynx (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the diagnostic criteria for hyperemesis gravidarum?

Intractable vomiting in the first half of the pregnancy, dehydration, ketonuria, and weight loss of 5% of pre-pregnancy weight (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the only FDA-approved drug for treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy?

Doxylamine pyridoxine (Diclegis) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of ectopic pregnancy?

Unilateral lower quadrant pain and lower back pain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of ectopic pregnancy within the general population?

No more than 2% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential serious consequence of ectopic pregnancy?

Ruptured tube causing shock (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored if hyperemesis gravidarum patients can be treated outpatient?

Symptoms and prenatal vitamin intake (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of abdominal and pelvic complaints are common in ectopic pregnancy?

Unilateral lower quadrant pain and lower back pain (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are some conservative management techniques for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?

Bed rest and avoiding bland or dry foods (C) Signup and view all the answers

What tests should be done if ectopic pregnancy is suspected?

$7(3 + 5)$ quantitative, CBC type and Rh, ultrasound, and other preoperative labs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tubes?

95% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common medication used for treating nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?

Doxylamine pyridoxine (Diclegis) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?

Increased chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can help lessen the severity of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?

Consuming ginger in capsule form or ginger ale (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management approach for round ligament pain in pregnancy?

Encouraging stretching exercises (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can exacerbate round ligament pain in pregnancy?

Coughing and sneezing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of urinary frequency during pregnancy?

Pressure of the uterus on the bladder (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnancy?

To prevent preterm labor (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluid intake per day to manage urinary frequency during pregnancy?

Ten eight-ounce glasses of water (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone contributes to increased urine production during the first trimester of pregnancy?

Chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of urinary frequency in the third trimester of pregnancy?

Pressure of the uterus on the bladder (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can help alleviate morning sickness during pregnancy?

Eating small, frequent meals high in protein and complex carbohydrates (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can help alleviate round ligament pain in pregnancy?

Flexing hips before coughing or laughing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action when experiencing urinary frequency during pregnancy?

Lean forward when voiding to empty the bladder more effectively (D) Signup and view all the answers

What recommendation should be given to pregnant women regarding fluid intake?

Increase fluid intake throughout the day and decrease it prior to bedtime (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which exercise is recommended for strengthening the pelvic muscles during pregnancy?

Kegel exercises (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can contribute to the development of varicose veins during pregnancy?

Increased blood volume and decreased blood flow from the legs to the pelvis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can help alleviate the pressure on the vena cava and aid in venous return during pregnancy?

Sleeping on the left side (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperemesis gravidarum characterized by?

Persistent intractable vomiting leading to weight loss and electrolyte imbalance during pregnancy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are some risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum?

Multiple gestations or hydatidiform mole (C) Signup and view all the answers

What signs may indicate dehydration in a pregnant woman suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum?

Decreased urination, loss of skin elasticity, increased heart rate, confusion, and fainting (A) Signup and view all the answers

What lab work should be done for a pregnant woman suspected of having hyperemesis gravidarum?

Electrolytes, urinalysis for ketones and specific gravity, urine culture, hematocrit, total protein, liver enzymes, bilirubin, hepatitis panel, amylase, and lipase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendation can help prevent constipation and straining in pregnant women?

$ ext{Increase fiber intake}$ (B) Signup and view all the answers

What test should be done for a pregnant woman with varicose veins to rule out urinary tract infection?

$ ext{Urine culture}$ (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to an increased risk of varicose veins in pregnant women?

Family history of varicose veins (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can pregnant women manage varicose veins?

Avoid prolonged standing or sitting, elevate legs frequently, wear support hose and comfortable shoes, encourage regular exercise (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for backache during pregnancy?

Increased curvature of the lumbosacral vertebrae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can worsen constipation in pregnant women?

Iron intake and calcium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do pregnant women experience reflux?

Displacement of the stomach by the enlarging uterus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to leg cramps at night during pregnancy?

Wearing high-heeled shoes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-pharmacologic management strategy for hemorrhoids during pregnancy?

Using heating pads or hot compresses (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why should laxatives be used with caution in pregnant women?

To induce labor (A) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the development of varicose veins during pregnancy?

Compression of the lower bowel by the enlarging uterus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of eclampsia, in addition to those of preeclampsia?

Seizure activity and severe unrelenting headaches (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of bleeding in placenta previa?

Vaginal intercourse (B) Signup and view all the answers

What tests are recommended for patients suspected of having HELLP syndrome?

CBC, liver function studies, coagulation profile, and 24-hour urine for protein (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of leg cramps during pregnancy?

Impaired venous return (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely consequence of oliguria in patients with eclampsia?

Anuria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the diagnosis of severe preeclampsia in patients suspected of having HELLP syndrome?

Low platelets and hepatomegaly (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia and those of eclampsia?

+1 on a voided sample progressing to +2 with worsening condition (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of left untreated placenta previa?

Fetal distress in utero (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for managing patients with severe preeclampsia?

Referral out for delivery as soon as possible (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of nausea and vomiting in patients with HELLP syndrome?

Hemolysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to impaired urine output in patients with eclampsia?

Proteinuria (D) Signup and view all the answers