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Questions and Answers
What is the primary advantage of the MOST technique over traditional time study techniques?
What is the primary advantage of the MOST technique over traditional time study techniques?
What does TMU stand for in relation to time measurement?
What does TMU stand for in relation to time measurement?
Which of the following sequences is used during a movement with an object in contact with a surface?
Which of the following sequences is used during a movement with an object in contact with a surface?
What is the modeling code for the General Move Sequence in MOST?
What is the modeling code for the General Move Sequence in MOST?
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Which of the following activities is NOT represented in the Tool Use Sequence of MOST?
Which of the following activities is NOT represented in the Tool Use Sequence of MOST?
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What unit of time equals 1 TMU?
What unit of time equals 1 TMU?
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In the context of MOST, what does the 'G' in the General Move Sequence represent?
In the context of MOST, what does the 'G' in the General Move Sequence represent?
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How many TMUs are there in one minute?
How many TMUs are there in one minute?
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What does 'grasp' refer to in the context of activity descriptions?
What does 'grasp' refer to in the context of activity descriptions?
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In the example of removing a spec from the cover, how far is the spec moved to the side from the cover?
In the example of removing a spec from the cover, how far is the spec moved to the side from the cover?
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During which action is a 120-degree turn performed?
During which action is a 120-degree turn performed?
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What does the notation 'A1 B0 G3' in the activity descriptions signify?
What does the notation 'A1 B0 G3' in the activity descriptions signify?
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Which task requires applying slight pressure as part of the action?
Which task requires applying slight pressure as part of the action?
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Which of the following describes the initial action related to the cover?
Which of the following describes the initial action related to the cover?
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What is an example of a distance measurement in the task descriptions?
What is an example of a distance measurement in the task descriptions?
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In the context of the example tasks, what does disengaging a flap require?
In the context of the example tasks, what does disengaging a flap require?
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What is the primary advantage of using predetermined times?
What is the primary advantage of using predetermined times?
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What does MTM stand for?
What does MTM stand for?
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How is the basic time unit TMU defined?
How is the basic time unit TMU defined?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the basic elements defined in MTM?
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic elements defined in MTM?
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What is the purpose of MTM-2?
What is the purpose of MTM-2?
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Which MTM-based method addresses clerical work specifically?
Which MTM-based method addresses clerical work specifically?
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What does the term 'Eye Travel' refer to in MTM?
What does the term 'Eye Travel' refer to in MTM?
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Which factor is NOT considered when determining the time standard for the 'Grasp' motion?
Which factor is NOT considered when determining the time standard for the 'Grasp' motion?
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In which year was MTM-1 developed?
In which year was MTM-1 developed?
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What key aspect differentiates MOST from MTM?
What key aspect differentiates MOST from MTM?
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What does 'Basic Motion Unit' refer to in the context of MTM?
What does 'Basic Motion Unit' refer to in the context of MTM?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of MTM?
Which of the following is a characteristic of MTM?
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What is the basic purpose of 'Position' in MTM?
What is the basic purpose of 'Position' in MTM?
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Which influence factor is associated with the 'Move' motion in MTM?
Which influence factor is associated with the 'Move' motion in MTM?
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Study Notes
Predetermined Time System
- Predetermined time systems are work measurement techniques used to set standards for short, repetitive motions.
- These systems are used for short motions that are difficult to measure with other methods.
- The predetermined time system offers a standard "language" for documenting sequences of elements that define operations.
- It enables determination of standard times for new operations, especially when past data is unavailable.
- It allows comparison of different methods for performing a new task before choosing the best option.
- Predetermined time systems can be beneficial for worker training.
Classifications of Work Measurement Techniques
- Work measurement techniques are categorized and classified based on various methods.
- Performance evaluation is a broad category that includes several evaluation techniques.
- Direct time study is a method of measuring work time directly.
- Predetermined times are a set of time values for specific motions, often involving detailed analysis of workers' motions.
- Work sampling is gathering and analyzing data on the frequency of various tasks.
- Standard data is a body of pre-collected, established data to reference.
- General approaches include methods like MTM (Methods Time Measurement) and MOST (Maynard Operation Sequence Technique).
- Functional approaches are tailored to specific activities.
Advantages of Predetermined Times
- Predetermined time systems are useful when defining standards for very brief, difficult-to-measure motions.
- These methods establish a standard "language" for documenting sequences of work elements.
- They allow for determining standard times for new tasks where historical data is absent.
- They empower the comparison of different approaches to executing a new task.
- Predetermined time systems are valuable for training workers.
Methods Time Measurement (MTM)
- MTM data collection often relies on detailed motion picture recordings of skilled workers performing tasks.
- Influence factors in motion analyses become characteristics applied to establishing standard times.
- Each motion is independently defined and tabulated for defining standard time values.
- MTM became a widely accepted standard method in numerous countries worldwide.
MTM-1 - Basic MTM Module
- The fundamental unit of time is a time measurement unit (TMU).
- 1 TMU is equivalent to 0.00001 hour, 0.0006 minutes, or 0.036 seconds.
- This unit emerged from picture-based recording technology, capable of measuring extremely short motions (around 3-4 hundredths of a second).
- Using TMUs enables the examination of much shorter motions compared to stopwatches.
MTM-1 (1948) - Definition and Characteristics
- MTM-1 is a methodical approach to meticulously dissecting manual work using elemental motions to complete the task.
- Each motion is assigned a pre-determined time value impacted by environmental conditions.
- This is done based on approximately 5,000 time values relating to 23 basic motions.
Basic Elements
- Reach (R): Moving the hand or fingers to a destination, affected by distance and the type of reach.
- Move (M): Transporting an object to a destination, affected by the distance, weight, and type of movement.
- Grasp (G): Securing sufficient control of one or more objects with fingers or hands, dependent on object size, shape, and location.
- Position (P): Aligning, orienting, and engaging an object with another object (minor motions), influenced by handling ease, symmetry, and required insertion pressure.
- Release (RL): Releasing the grip on an object by hands or fingers.
Basic Elements (continued)
- Disengage (D): Breaking contact between objects, affected by the required effort.
- Turn (T): Rotating the hand, optionally loaded, influenced by rotation degree and object weight.
- Apply Pressure (AP): Applying pressure to an object, considered when eyes guide hand movements.
- Eye Travel (ET): Time for eye movements for guiding hand/body movements, affected by distances between travel points and eye-to-travel-line distance.
- Body Leg and Foot Motion (BMF): Motions relating to body and leg movements (e.g., walking, standing, bending).
Other MTM-Based Methods
- MTM-2 (1965): Used for longer tasks, based on 9 basic motions and 39 time values.
- MTM-3 (1970): Consists of 4 categories of manual motions (10 time values). Includes handle, transport, step & foot motion, and bend & arise.
- MTM-V: Used for metal cutting operations.
- MTM-C: Used for clerical work.
MOST - Maynard Operation Sequence Technique
- In MTM, elements stand alone and do not pertain to the operational sequence.
- MOST considers complete operation sequences comprising smaller elements.
What is MOST?
- MOST is Maynard Operation Sequence Technique.
- It was developed by Zandin in 1980.
- It utilizes larger blocks of fundamental motions compared to MTM-1.
- General Move, Controlled Move, and Tool Use encompass different types of movement sequences. Specific movement blocks are used in these types of sequences.
Three MOST Activity Sequences
- General Move Sequence: For free movements through the air.
- Controlled Move Sequence: Object remains in contact or attached during movement.
- Tool Use Sequence: For using common hand tools.
Why MOST?
- It's significantly faster than traditional time study methods (e.g., Basic MOST is 40 times faster than MTM-1).
- It typically achieves high accuracy (up to 95%).
- It requires less documentation for recording.
Remember TMUs?
- Therbligs' time is measured in Time Measurement Units (TMUs).
- 1 TMU = 0.00001 hour, 0.0006 minute, or 0.036 second.
- Conversion factors exist for converting hours, minutes, and seconds to TMUs.
Sequence Models
- Sequence models list the sub-activities within various activities in MOST.
MOST Study Form - Calculation
- Templates detail aspects of a MOST study.
- The form features data fields for recording different activities using various components within a sequence.
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Description
Explore the concept of predetermined time systems and their importance in work measurement techniques. This quiz covers the classification of work measurement techniques, including performance evaluation and direct time study. Understand how these systems standardize operations and aid in worker training.
