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Questions and Answers
Pre-transfusion testing determines the patient's blood group and identifies the presence of plasma alloantibodies.
False
Repeat testing should be requested if the patient has current valid testing.
False
Date, time, and dose of intended transfusion should not be provided in the test requisition.
False
Patient identification is verified at the time of sample collection.
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Patients should not be asked to state their first and last name and date of birth during sample collection.
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Pre-transfusion testing ensures compatibility between the transfusion patient and the plasma component intended for transfusion.
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The first step in pre-transfusion testing is the preparation of the test sample.
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Patient information, including full first and last name, unique identification number, and requested tests, must not be documented legibly.
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The blood samples used for patient testing may be anticoagulated in EDTA or clotted from a non-anticoagulated sample.
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Hemolyzed samples of blood can be used for testing.
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Samples must be labelled with the patient's full name and unique identification number in the presence of the patient at the time of collection.
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Pre-transfusion tests do not include ABO and RhD typing of the patient's red blood cells.
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The crossmatch is not performed before a non-emergent transfusion.
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ABO typing involves testing the patient's plasma for the presence of A and B antigens.
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Rh typing involves testing the patient's plasma for the presence of the RhD antigen.
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Rh-positive blood components can be provided to Rh-negative individuals.
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Study Notes
Pre-transfusion Testing
- Ensures compatibility between patient and blood component (red blood cells, platelets, plasma) intended for transfusion
- Includes accurate and thorough completion of requisition, patient identification, proper collection and labelling of blood sample, laboratory testing to determine patient's blood group and identify presence of red blood cell alloantibodies, and compatibility testing
Request for Testing
- First step in pre-transfusion testing is preparation of test requisition
- Patient information, including full name, unique identification number, and requested tests, must be documented legibly
- Date, time, and dose of intended transfusion should be provided if available, along with special requirements and clinical indication
Patient Identification and Sample Collection
- Hospitals and outpatient areas collecting samples for pre-transfusion testing must have a specific policy and procedure for unequivocal patient identification and appropriate labelling of pre-transfusion blood samples
- Patient identification must be verified at time of sample collection
- Blood samples must be labelled in the presence of the patient at the time of collection with patient's full name and unique identification number
Pre-transfusion Tests
- Include ABO and RhD typing of patient's red blood cells and an antibody screen with patient's plasma
- Antibody screen detects clinically significant non-ABO antibodies to red cell antigens
- Compatibility testing (crossmatch) is performed before non-emergent transfusion and may be performed serologically or electronically
ABO Typing
- Involves testing patient's red blood cells for presence of A and B antigens using anti-A and anti-B antisera (forward grouping)
- Testing patient's plasma for presence of anti-A and anti-B using Type A and Type B red blood cells
Rh Typing
- Involves testing patient's red blood cells for presence of RhD antigen with anti-D sera
- RhD-negative patients may develop antibodies to RhD antigen if exposed to RhD-positive red blood cells
- Preferable to provide Rh-negative blood components to any RhD-negative individual
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Description
Pre-transfusion testing ensures compatibility between the transfusion patient and the blood component(s) intended for transfusion. This process includes accurate and thorough completion of the requisition, accurate patient identification, proper collection and labeling of the blood. Learn more about the importance of pre-transfusion testing.
