Pre-Partition Events and Concepts

<p>It marked the beginning of widespread resistance to British colonization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Constituent Assembly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Mohammad Ali Jinnah (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Definition of a 'Muslim' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control over India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gain representation and reform within the British administrative system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maulvi Tameez-ud-Din v. State (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limits on the justification for executive actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prominence given to conversion to Christianity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve representation of Muslims in Indian governance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80% Indians and 20% British. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increasingly pushed for Indian rights and independence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintained British control over India. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Religious divisions and lack of a unified constitution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The end of British colonial rule and India's independence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Famine and poverty affecting large parts of the country. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hindus made up a significant majority, creating tensions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Financial disputes arose, with allocations specified. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mountbatten Plan. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Governance based on the Government of India Act of 1935. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Executive decisions even if unconstitutional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating dangerous legal precedents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to a bypass of the parliamentary system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent Executive often operates without parliamentary approval (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of power in the central government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increased, influencing political dynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make decisions that go beyond mere interpretation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A concentration of power leads to authoritarianism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accountability for unconstitutional actions and disruptions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The President of Pakistan. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The President can promote the Chief Minister of a province. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political instability and military dominance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the ceremonial head of a province. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Governor acts on the advice of the Chief Minister. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Article 58(1) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The power to promulgate ordinances for the province. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can declare a state of emergency under Articles 232 and 234 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The President appoints judges of the Supreme Court (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The President can summon Parliament, while the Governor cannot summon the Assembly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The President has the power to grant pardons, while the Governor does not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Governor represents the federal government and acts as an agent in provincial matters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A British law giving some self-rule to Indian provinces, but maintaining British control.

The division of British India into India and Pakistan, August 1947.

A 1947 agreement outlining the partition of British India.

Early issues faced by India after independence, including governance, economy, and religious tensions.

India's freedom from British rule, granted August 15, 1947.

Pakistan's freedom from British rule, granted August 14, 1947.

Problems arising from the partition, including religious violence and migration.

British representative ruling India and Pakistan initially after independence.

A major revolt against British rule in India, marking the start of widespread resistance to colonization.

The idea that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations with different cultures and religions.

A British trading company in India, aiming originally for trade, before becoming powerful in governance.

Act that transferred power from East India Company to the British Crown, leading to direct rule.

Initially moderate in its approach, advocating for Indian rights (pre-partition), pushing for independence over time.

Agreement between INC and Muslim League for better Muslim representation in governance.

Act that introduced significant changes in Indian governance, but did not grant full independence.

A minority population largely involved in administrative and military roles, while the majority were Indians.

Financial disputes between India and Pakistan after their separation, including promised aid and unresolved amounts.

The separation of railway assets between India and Pakistan after the partition.

The assembly established in 1949 to draft the constitution for Pakistan.

A resolution adopted in 1949 that defined Pakistan's vision, principles, and objectives for its governance.

The assassination of Pakistan's Prime Minister in 1951, creating political instability.

A religious and political controversy in Pakistan in 1953 concerning the Ahmadi community.

A 1954 case where the court ruled on the limits of the Governor-General's power during constitutional processes.

Legal and political battles over the definition of "Muslim" in Pakistan.

The President can summon, prorogue (end) parliamentary sessions, and approve bills passed by Parliament. They can also send bills back for reconsideration.

Similar to the president, the Governor can summon, prorogue (end) provincial assembly sessions, and approve provincial bills. They can also send bills back for reconsideration.

The President can declare a state of emergency under specific circumstances such as war or internal conflict, giving them more power.

Governors do not have independent emergency powers, but they can assist in implementing federal emergency decisions.

The President appoints the Chief Justice of Pakistan and other Supreme Court judges, as well as High Court Chief Justices.

This doctrine allowed for executive decisions, even if unconstitutional, if deemed essential to the state's interest.

The doctrine implied that any illegal act could be justified if it served the state's interest, raising concerns about unchecked power.

The expansion of executive power through orders bypasses the legislative process, leading to a concentration of power in the executive branch.

A situation where the army and bureaucracy hold significant control over government functions, often making decisions without parliamentary approval.

A system where ministers in Parliament serve in temporary roles with limited authority, subject to parliamentary oversight.

The first constitution of Pakistan, focusing on establishing a parliamentary system and human rights principles.

The extent of self-governance granted to provinces, a point of contention under the 1956 Constitution.

The 1956 Constitution faced numerous challenges, including instability, power centralization, and lack of provincial autonomy.

A constitutional provision in Pakistan that prohibits individuals from usurping power through unconstitutional means, such as military coups.

A former military ruler of Pakistan who seized power through a military coup in 1977, highlighting the historical challenges in enforcing Article 6.

The President is the head of state at the federal level, with mostly symbolic powers, while the Governor is the head of a province, operating under federal supervision.

The President is elected by an electoral college, while the Governor is appointed by the President based on the Prime Minister's recommendation.

The President primarily acts on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoints key officials, and has emergency powers, making them responsible for managing national affairs.

The Governor acts under the advice of the Chief Minister, promulgates ordinances for the province, and reports to the President regarding provincial matters.

The President manages national affairs, while the Governor manages provincial affairs, with their respective powers reflecting their specific roles.

The President holds more significant and symbolic power, while the Governor's power is limited to provincial matters, emphasizing their distinct roles within the constitutional framework.