16 Questions
What is the traditional monastic practice of 'divine reading'?
Lectio Divina
What form of literature is a play with songs and dances, usually written in colloquial patterns?
Zarzuela
Which genre of literature focuses on stories, editorials, and news articles intended to influence public opinion?
Propaganda Literature
What is the title of the novel written by Jose Rizal that criticizes the Spanish colonization in the Philippines?
Noli Me Tangere
Which period of Philippine literature is characterized by the imitation of American literary styles?
Period of Imitation (1910-1925)
Who was the prolific Filipino poet known for the collection 'Never Mind And Other Poems' published in 1922?
Procopio Solidum
What is the literary genre that deals with human experiences through invented prose narratives?
Novel
Which Filipino writer penned the short story 'Dead Stars' in 1925?
Paz Benitez
What was the purpose of the establishment of secondary and tertiary education in the Philippines during the American period?
To improve the educational system
Who were the Thomasites and what was their role in the Philippines?
Educators from the US Army who taught in the Philippines
What is the term for words or phrases with deeper meanings or metaphors that are considered as guessing games?
Bugtong/Riddles
Which genre of local literature focuses on stories about plants and animals?
Myths/Mitolohiya
What type of stories are from the past, believed to be true but still unproven?
Legends/Alamat
Which genre of local literature focuses on short stories that center around animals?
Fables/Pabula
What genre of local literature reflects the lives of rural people and their connection with nature?
Folk Songs/Awitin
What were the themes of the Folk Songs during the pre-colonial period?
Lullabies/Hele, Drinking songs/Tagay, Love songs/Harana, Religious songs/Himno, Songs of Deaths/Awit ng Parangal
Study Notes
Literature During Pre-colonial Period
- The term "literature" comes from the Latin word "litera," meaning letters.
- Oral Literature (Pasalitang Panitikan) includes:
- Bugtong/Riddles with deeper meanings or metaphors
- Proverbs/Kasabihan that impart moral values
- Folk Tales (Kwentong Bayan) include:
- Epiko/Epics that focus on local heroes
- Myths/Mitolohiya about plants and animals
- Legends/Alamat that are believed to be true but not proven
- Fables/Pabula that are short stories about animals
- Folk Songs (Awitin) reflect the lives of rural people and their connection with nature, including:
- Lullabies/Hele
- Drinking songs/Tagay
- Love songs/Harana
- Religious songs/Himno
- Songs of Deaths/Awit ng Parangal
Literature During Spanish Period
- The Spanish introduced new genres and models of literature (16th century)
- Written literature served as a way of recording ideas
- Religious Literature (17th-19th century) focused on the passion of Christ
- Examples of Religious Literature include:
- Doctrina Cristiana (1593) by Juan De Plasencia
- Religious Lyric Poems
- Meditative Verses
- Lectio Divina
- Complementary Verses
- Senakulo
- Zarzuela
- Pasyon
- Secular Poetry includes:
- Creed/Korido
- Song/Awit
- Propaganda Literature includes:
- Noli Me Tangere (1881)
- La Hӱa Del Fraile (Daughter of a Fraile) by Graciano Lopez Jaena
- Diariong Tagalog by Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- El Filibusterismo
- Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan (1896)
Literature During American Period
- The American period introduced democracy and the English language to Philippine literature
- The Thomasites, a group of 540-600 educators from the US, arrived in the Philippines
- Literary periods during this time include:
- Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910)
- Period of Imitation (1910-1925)
- Self-Discovery (1925-1941)
- Genres of Literature during this period include:
- Poetry, which aims to evoke emotional responses in readers
- Examples of poetry collections:
- Never Mind And Other Poems by Procopio Solidum (1922)
- Filipino Poetry by Rodolf Dato (1924)
- Azucena by Marcelo de Garcia Concepcion (1925)
- Novel, which is an invented prose narrative that deals with human experiences
- Examples of novels:
- Banaag At Sika by Lope K. Santos (1906)
- Anino Ng Kahapon by Francisco Lacsamana (1907)
- A Child Of Sorrow by Zoilo Galang (1921)
- Fiction or Short stories, which are literature created from imagination
- Examples of short stories:
- Dead Stars by Paz Benitez (1925)
- Footnote To Youth
Test your knowledge on the different genres of local literature during the pre-colonial period. Explore oral literature such as riddles and proverbs, as well as folk tales like epics and myths.
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