Practice of Science and Penicillin Discovery
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of classifying items in scientific investigations?

  • To create linear relationships between variables.
  • To organize and identify large numbers of living things. (correct)
  • To eliminate the need for controlled variables.
  • To summarize findings from experiments.
  • Which relationship described in a graph indicates that one variable does not affect another?

  • Inverse relationship
  • Linear relationship
  • No relationship (correct)
  • Negative linear relationship
  • What does 'pattern seeking' involve in the context of scientific investigations?

  • Analyzing small datasets for trends.
  • Using a large dataset to determine relationships between variables. (correct)
  • Grouping items based on color and size.
  • Identifying characteristics of unknown items.
  • Which of the following steps is NOT part of the five basic steps of a scientific investigation?

    <p>Conducting data analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a scientific investigation, what is meant by controlled variables?

    <p>Variables that are kept constant to ensure a fair test. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proposing a hypothesis in a scientific investigation?

    <p>To provide a potential explanation for a question (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the steps of a scientific investigation, what comes after making observations?

    <p>Asking a question (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best exemplifies a question that a scientist might ask after making an observation?

    <p>Why is there a pattern in these results? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which step of a scientific investigation does a scientist typically refine their hypothesis?

    <p>Drawing a conclusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic steps of a scientific investigation?

    <p>Collecting data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a controlled variable in an experiment?

    <p>The elements that remain constant throughout the experiment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Fair Test

    An experiment where only one factor is changed at a time to ensure a reliable result.

    Classifying

    Organizing things into groups based on common features.

    Independent Variable

    The factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment.

    Dependent Variable

    The factor that is measured in an experiment to see the effect of the change.

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    Controlled Variable

    Factors that are kept the same throughout an experiment.

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    Scientific Observation

    Using your senses to gather information about the world around you.

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    Hypothesis

    A testable explanation or prediction for why something happens.

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    Drawing a Conclusion

    Interpreting the results of an experiment to determine if the hypothesis was supported.

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    Pattern Seeking

    Using a large dataset to identify a relationship between variables.

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    Linear Relationship

    As one variable increases, the other variable also increases.

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    Negative Linear Relationship

    As one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

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    What variable should I change?

    This is the question you ask yourself when identifying the independent variable.

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    What variable should I measure?

    This is the question you ask yourself when identifying the dependent variable.

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    What variables should I keep the same?

    This is the question you ask yourself when identifying the controlled variables.

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    Types of Scientific Investigations

    There are different types of scientific investigations, including fair testing, observation, and model building.

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    Study Notes

    Practice of Science

    • Scientific investigations involve steps to understand unknown phenomena.
    • These steps typically consist of making observations, asking questions, proposing hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions.
    • If results do not support a hypothesis, scientists may revise and test again.
    • Examples provided include dry cell lifespans and the discovery of penicillin.

    The Discovery of Penicillin

    • Alexander Fleming observed mold on a bacterial dish and noted a region without bacteria.
    • He questioned why no bacteria grew around the mold.
    • He proposed a hypothesis: the mold produces a substance that kills bacteria.
    • He performed experiments to test this hypothesis.
    • The results supported his hypothesis, and he drew a conclusion that the mold produces a substance that kills bacteria.

    Basic Steps of Scientific Investigations

    • Making Observations: Scientists carefully examine the world around them.
    • Asking a Question: What is the observed phenomenon?
    • Proposing a Hypothesis: An educated guess about the observation and how to resolve the question
    • Doing Experiments: Experiments test the hypothesis.
    • Drawing a Conclusion: Determine whether the results validate the hypothesis. Modify or adjust the hypothesis if necessary or if results do not support it.

    A Closer Look at Scientific Investigations

    • Scientists use everyday life examples and observations to investigate.
    • Observations use senses such as sight, smell, touch, and hearing.
    • An example shows a child observing that people move faster on a steeper portion of a slide, prompting a scientific question.

    Proposing a Hypothesis

    • A hypothesis is not a guess; it is based on observations and information gathered during research.
    • Amy proposed a hypothesis about the time it takes for an object to reach the ground on a slide.
    • Examples include testing the time for an object to reach the ground on different sloping slides or different materials on a slide.

    Carrying out Experiments

    • Experiments test hypotheses.
    • A fair test ensures only one variable is being changed at a time, whilst all other factors remain the same.
    • Examples focus on creating a fair experiment involving slides and comparing different materials

    Fair Tests

    • A fair test involves changing only one variable at a time.
    • Variables that are kept the same are called controlled variables.
    • The variable being changed is the independent variable.
    • The result of the experiment is the dependent variable.

    Types of Scientific Investigations

    • Fair Testing: Testing hypotheses using a controlled experiment to see if the hypothesis is valid or invalid
    • Pattern Seeking: Gathering data, creating graphs and drawings to identify trends or relationships
    • Classifying: Grouping objects, living things or ideas based on shared characteristics

    Identifying Variables

    • Independent Variable: The variable you change. In the example, this was the slope/height of the slide
    • Dependent Variable: The variable you measure. In the example, this may be the time it takes for the object to reach the ground.
    • Controlled Variables: Variables that stay the same throughout the experiment. In the example, these could be the size, mass, and shape of the ball being used to test the slope of the slide.

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    Practice of Science PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental steps of scientific investigations, from making observations to drawing conclusions. Dive into the pivotal discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, illustrating how hypotheses are tested and validated. This quiz will enhance your understanding of the scientific method and its applications in real-world scenarios.

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