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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of quasi-experimental design compared to experimental design?
What is a key characteristic of quasi-experimental design compared to experimental design?
What is the primary goal of the sampling procedure in research?
What is the primary goal of the sampling procedure in research?
Which sampling method involves dividing the population into groups before selection?
Which sampling method involves dividing the population into groups before selection?
What distinguishes experimental research from quasi-experimental design?
What distinguishes experimental research from quasi-experimental design?
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Which of the following best describes systematic sampling?
Which of the following best describes systematic sampling?
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What is a significant limitation of quasi-experimental research?
What is a significant limitation of quasi-experimental research?
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What is the primary characteristic of a population in research?
What is the primary characteristic of a population in research?
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In the context of research design, what is the role of a hypothesis?
In the context of research design, what is the role of a hypothesis?
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What is the primary purpose of the theoretical framework in a research study?
What is the primary purpose of the theoretical framework in a research study?
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What does a conceptual framework primarily illustrate in a research study?
What does a conceptual framework primarily illustrate in a research study?
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Which statement best describes the nature of a hypothesis in a research study?
Which statement best describes the nature of a hypothesis in a research study?
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In what scenario is descriptive research most appropriate?
In what scenario is descriptive research most appropriate?
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What is the main goal of correlational research design?
What is the main goal of correlational research design?
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Which feature distinguishes Ex Post Facto research design from other research types?
Which feature distinguishes Ex Post Facto research design from other research types?
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Which of the following statements best describes a quasi-experimental research design?
Which of the following statements best describes a quasi-experimental research design?
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What is the primary focus of the review of related literature in a research study?
What is the primary focus of the review of related literature in a research study?
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What is a key characteristic of a good research instrument?
What is a key characteristic of a good research instrument?
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Which of the following scales is predominantly used in quantitative research?
Which of the following scales is predominantly used in quantitative research?
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What is a part of the steps in describing the research intervention process?
What is a part of the steps in describing the research intervention process?
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Which type of validity ensures that the instrument measures what it is intended to measure?
Which type of validity ensures that the instrument measures what it is intended to measure?
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Which method involves using observation checklists to gather data?
Which method involves using observation checklists to gather data?
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What is the primary difference between a survey and an interview in data collection?
What is the primary difference between a survey and an interview in data collection?
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What type of data is considered quantitative?
What type of data is considered quantitative?
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What is the process of collecting existing literature related to a research topic called?
What is the process of collecting existing literature related to a research topic called?
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Study Notes
Practical Research 2 Review
- Theoretical Framework: Provides the foundation and building blocks for a study. It strengthens the study.
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Conceptual Framework:
- Guides the researcher by providing clear directions.
- Shows the relationship and connections between variables in the study.
- It is a diagram illustrating the expected findings.
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EXAMPLE (Peer Tutoring Study):
- Problem Statement: The effect of peer tutoring on reading fluency of senior high school students.
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Variables:
- Independent Variable: Peer tutoring
- Dependent Variable: Reading fluency
- Conceptual Framework Diagram: Shows the relationship between peer tutoring and reading fluency as an independent and dependent variable.
Research Components
- Hypothesis: Predictions about the research findings.
- Review of Related Literature: A detailed examination of existing literature related to the research topic.
- Research Design: The overall strategy to implement the research study; incorporating all research components.
Types of Quantitative Research Designs
- Descriptive Research: Exploratory research used when little is known about the problem. Focuses on answering who, what, when, where, and how much. Objective is to observe and report on a phenomenon.
- Correlational Research: Aims to determine if variables increase or decrease together. It does not establish cause-and-effect. Focuses on association and prediction of variables.
- Ex Post Facto Research: Measures a cause from a pre-existing effect. The researcher has no control over variables in the study.
- Quasi-Experimental Research: Attempts to measure causal relationships. Groups are not randomly assigned (e.g., by age, education).
- Experimental Research: Uses the scientific method, including controlled environments and manipulation. Typically involves random assignment of subjects into treatment and control groups.
Sampling
- Population: All objects, elements, persons, and characteristics under study.
- Sample: A representative subset of the population used for research analysis.
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Sampling Techniques (Probability):
- Simple Random Sampling: All members have an equal chance of selection.
- Stratified Random Sampling: Population is divided into strata or groups before sample selection.
- Cluster Sampling: Used in large-scale studies with geographical spread-out populations. Useful when direct sampling would be too difficult.
- Systematic Sampling: Choose every nth member of the population.
Research Instruments
- Characteristics of a Good Instrument: Concise, sequential, valid, and easily tabulated.
- Common Scales: Likert Scale (used to rank statements).
- Types of Validity: Face validity, content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity (detailed review of existing literature related to thesis topic).
- Research Intervention Steps: Write background information, and describe differences and similarities between experimental/control groups; describe procedures; explain the basis of procedures.
Data Analysis
- Data: Pieces of information or facts.
- Techniques in Collecting Quantitative Data: Observation using senses or equipment, and Surveys (questionnaires or interviews).
- Data Analysis: Summarizes information to answer research questions. Statistical methods are used (e.g., descriptive statistics: frequency distribution, measures of central tendency, standard deviation).
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Types of Statistical Analysis:
- Univariate analysis: Analysis of one variable.
- Bivariate analysis: Analysis of two variables (e.g., independent and dependent variables).
- Multivariate analysis: Analysis of multiple variables.
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Description
This quiz covers essential components of Practical Research 2, focusing on theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It provides insight into the relationship between variables in research studies, specifically through a peer tutoring example. Test your understanding of hypotheses, literature reviews, and research design.
