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Questions and Answers
What happens to the positioning of H12 when a ligand binds to PPARγ?
What happens to the positioning of H12 when a ligand binds to PPARγ?
- It moves towards the co-activator binding site (correct)
- It moves towards the co-repressor binding site
- It moves away from the co-repressor binding site
- It remains unchanged
PPARγ ubiquitination leads to an increase in transcriptional activity.
PPARγ ubiquitination leads to an increase in transcriptional activity.
False (B)
What is the role of SIRT1 in PPARγ-mediated browning of white adipose tissue?
What is the role of SIRT1 in PPARγ-mediated browning of white adipose tissue?
SIRT1 is a deacetylase necessary for PPARγ-mediated browning of white adipose tissue.
PPARγ regulates lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis by increasing the expression of genes such as _______________________.
PPARγ regulates lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis by increasing the expression of genes such as _______________________.
Match the following post-translational modifications of PPARγ with their effects on its activity:
Match the following post-translational modifications of PPARγ with their effects on its activity:
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Study Notes
Ligand Binding and Co-regulator Switching
- Ligand binding induces a change in the positioning of H12, favoring co-activator binding and leading to co-repressor/co-activator switching.
Post-translational Modification of PPAR
- Phosphorylation of PPAR: • Can be kinase-dependent (e.g., Ser112) • Alters transcriptional activity
- SUMOylation of PPAR: • Blocks transcriptional activity (e.g., Lys107)
- Ubiquitination of PPAR: • Leads to degradation of PPAR
- Acetylation of PPAR: • Deacetylation by SIRT1 is necessary for PPAR-mediated browning of white adipose tissue
PPARγ and Insulin Sensitivity
- PPARγ plays a role in: • Adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte function • Lipid metabolism • Glucose homeostasis
- PPARγ increases expression of genes involved in: • Glucose uptake: Glut4 • Insulin signaling: PI3K, CAP, IRS-1/IRS2 • All these genes are important participants in the activation of insulin receptor
- Induced transducers for PPARγ: • FGF1 and FGF21 act locally to increase PPARγ
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