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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of variola virus?
What is a characteristic feature of variola virus?
- It produces 'pocks' (correct)
- It has a wide host range
- It causes tissue hyperplasia
- It is transmitted by respiratory route
What is the significance of Edward Jenner's work?
What is the significance of Edward Jenner's work?
- He discovered the myxoma virus
- He developed a vaccine for sheeppox
- He used a poxvirus of cattle as vaccine for smallpox (correct)
- He proved that rabbit fibroma virus causes tissue hyperplasia
How are sheeppox, swinepox, fowlpox, and myxomatosis typically transmitted?
How are sheeppox, swinepox, fowlpox, and myxomatosis typically transmitted?
- Mechanically by biting arthropods (correct)
- Through respiratory route
- Through contaminated environment
- Through direct contact
What is a common feature of poxviruses?
What is a common feature of poxviruses?
What is the current status of smallpox?
What is the current status of smallpox?
What was the first viral laboratory pathogen described?
What was the first viral laboratory pathogen described?
How is orf virus typically transmitted?
How is orf virus typically transmitted?
What is a unique feature of rabbit fibroma virus?
What is a unique feature of rabbit fibroma virus?
What is the typical shape of most poxviruses?
What is the typical shape of most poxviruses?
What is unique about the surface structure of Parapoxvirus?
What is unique about the surface structure of Parapoxvirus?
Why may the outer tubular layer of some poxviruses appear irregular?
Why may the outer tubular layer of some poxviruses appear irregular?
What can poxviruses survive in for many years?
What can poxviruses survive in for many years?
What is the size of the brick-shaped poxviruses?
What is the size of the brick-shaped poxviruses?
What is the shape of the nucleocapsid of poxviruses?
What is the shape of the nucleocapsid of poxviruses?
What is unique about the outer layer of poxviruses?
What is unique about the outer layer of poxviruses?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Parapoxvirus?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Parapoxvirus?
What is a characteristic of enveloped virions compared to non-enveloped virions?
What is a characteristic of enveloped virions compared to non-enveloped virions?
Where do poxvirus genome replication and maturation occur?
Where do poxvirus genome replication and maturation occur?
What is the classification of poxviruses that infect vertebrates?
What is the classification of poxviruses that infect vertebrates?
What is the economic impact of sheep pox and goat pox?
What is the economic impact of sheep pox and goat pox?
What is the host range of poxviruses?
What is the host range of poxviruses?
Which of the following is a poxvirus disease that affects domestic animals?
Which of the following is a poxvirus disease that affects domestic animals?
What is the geographical distribution of swine pox?
What is the geographical distribution of swine pox?
Which of the following animals is NOT a host for poxviruses?
Which of the following animals is NOT a host for poxviruses?
Study Notes
Poxviridae
- Includes several viruses of veterinary and medical importance
- Poxviruses have been eradicated in developed countries but still occur in some developing countries, causing major losses
- The history of poxviruses has been dominated by smallpox, which has been eradicated
Transmission
- Occurs by several routes through introduction of virus into small skin abrasions or directly or indirectly from a contaminated environment
- Examples:
- Orf virus is transmitted by the respiratory route via droplets from infected animals
- Sheeppox, swinepox, fowlpox, and myxomatosis are transmitted mechanically by biting arthropods
Replication Cycle
- occurs in enucleated cells, but maturation is blocked
- Some contribution from the cell is required, but it is not clear what this is
Classification
- The family Poxviridae is subdivided into two subfamilies:
- Chordopoxvirinae (poxviruses of vertebrates)
- Entomopoxvirinae (poxviruses of insects)
- The subfamily Chordopoxvirinae is subdivided into several genera
- There are other poxviruses that have not yet been classified
Host Range
- Numerous hosts, including:
- Humans
- Cattle
- Rabbits
- Squirrels
- Monkeys
- Great apes
- Elephants
- Rhinoceros
- Okapi
- Gerbils
- Voles
- Seals
- Camels
- Chickens
- Turkeys
- Other birds
Sheep Pox and Goat Pox
- The most important of all pox diseases of domestic animals
- Causes high mortality in young animals and significant economic loss
- Poxviruses are resistant in the environment under ambient temperatures and may survive for many years in dried scabs or other virus-laden material
Virion Properties
- Shape:
- Brick shape (250 x 200 x 200 nm) (most poxviruses)
- Cocoon (ovoid) shape (260 x 160 nm) (Parapoxvirus)
- Nucleocapsid is complex
- Virions are composed of an outer layer of tubular structures
- Outer tubular layer:
- Irregular (most of poxviruses)
- Thread-like surface tubules, arranged in a crisscross fashion (Parapoxvirus)
- Exceptions: some viruses of reptiles are brick-shaped but have a surface structure similar to parapoxviruses
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Description
This quiz covers the Poxviridae virus family, including diseases of veterinary and medical importance, such as Sheeppox.
