Power Supply Systems for Signalling Installations
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What is the normal power supply voltage for signalling installations?

  • 110 V AC (single phase)
  • 230 V AC (single phase) or 415 V AC (three phase) (correct)
  • 220 V AC (single phase)
  • 240 V AC (single phase)

    • What must be provided at all locations for signalling circuits?

  • Capacitors for voltage stabilization
  • Secondary batteries of appropriate capacity (correct)
  • Backup generators only
  • Solar panels for power generation

    • What should be ensured on double/multi line sections regarding power supply?

  • Power must only come from local sources
  • All power sources must be combined into one line
  • Power supply must come from a single AT
  • Supply from at least one AT is available during a power block (correct)

    • In a single line section, what additional equipment is required when drawing power from a single AT?

    <p>A DG set of suitable capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a power supply control panel?

    <p>To automatically change over between source supplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be met for fixed stop signals for approaching trains?

    <p>They must not become blank when main power source fails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for signalling and telecommunication installations in electrified areas?

    <p>Normal supply through Auxiliary Transformers (ATs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be available at stations where local power supply is present?

    <p>It shall act as a stand-by source of power supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing a manual change over facility in the control panel?

    <p>To allow for emergency power switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be extended from the power supply control panel to S&T locations within two km?

    <p>Separate MCBs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for locations beyond two km from the power supply control panel?

    <p>An additional power supply control panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of power supply for Colour Light Signalling (CLS) installations?

    <p>Local power supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for the generators installed at CLS locations?

    <p>They must be capable of reliable and trouble-free service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do solar panels work to supply power at wayside stations?

    <p>They charge a battery bank that supplies necessary power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature must DG sets include according to site requirements?

    <p>A remote operation capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the solar panels consist of to achieve their energy output?

    <p>Multiple modules connected in series and parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using DC-DC converters with isolated outputs?

    <p>To generate different voltages from a common battery bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used for charging maintenance-free cells?

    <p>Chargers specifically approved for maintenance-free cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the current rating of a battery charger be calculated?

    <p>Load current plus AH/10 capacity of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should batteries be installed to prevent damage from fumes?

    <p>In specially designed battery rooms or apparatus cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for the battery room mentioned in the content?

    <p>It must be well-ventilated and include exhaust fans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of a solar photovoltaic system?

    <p>Transformer-rectifier sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when determining the number of solar panels to install?

    <p>The requirement of charging current and voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should batteries be positioned regarding sunlight and heat?

    <p>Direct sunlight and heat radiating equipment should be avoided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power supply equipment should be monitored through a Datalogger?

    <p>All power supply equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flooring and wall treatment should the battery room have?

    <p>Acid-proof flooring and acid-proof tiles up to a suitable height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential to protect electrical equipment from overload?

    <p>Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the battery racks be maintained for safety and accessibility?

    <p>Protected with acid-resistant paint and levelled for maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a solar charge controller in a photovoltaic system?

    <p>To control the charging and discharging of the battery bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For installations in non-renewable energy areas, what is required for power supply arrangements?

    <p>Designs suitable to renewable energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done regularly to maintain the efficiency of solar panels?

    <p>Clean the surface to remove dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be provided for battery chargers in axle counters?

    <p>In-built filters to maintain ripple content below specified value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used for mixing battery grade sulphuric acid with water?

    <p>Glass, porcelain, or rubber container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When mixing acid and water, what is the recommended order of addition?

    <p>Acid should be added to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protection gear is suggested while handling electrolyte?

    <p>Goggles, rubber gloves, and an apron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the level of electrolyte is below the prescribed level upon receipt of charged secondary cells?

    <p>Battery grade acid with the correct specific gravity should be added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transformer and battery charger is recommended for installation?

    <p>Air-cooled type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color coding is used for negative battery leads?

    <p>Black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable voltage loss in connecting wires for power equipment?

    <p>0.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should conduct the capacity test at the time of installation?

    <p>An official not below the rank of SSE/JE (Signal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a solar photovoltaic system is primarily responsible for regulating the charging of batteries?

    <p>Solar charge controller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of solar panels to be installed in a photovoltaic system?

    <p>Current and voltage requirements of charging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended flooring type for the battery room to protect against chemicals?

    <p>Acid proof flooring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuses should be utilized to protect electrical equipment from overload in a power distribution system?

    <p>Proper capacity HRC fuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential practice for maintaining the efficiency of solar panels?

    <p>Regularly cleaning the surface to remove dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for maintaining secondary cells during installation?

    <p>Providing direct airflow across the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a power supply system, what component is used to provide visual indications of power availability?

    <p>Visual indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic should the battery charger possess when charging maintenance-free cells?

    <p>Compliance with approved specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When calculating the current rating of a battery charger, what factor is considered alongside load current?

    <p>AH/10 capacity of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included with battery chargers used for axle counters to minimize electrical noise?

    <p>In-built filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ventilation is specifically required for the battery room?

    <p>Forced ventilation using exhaust fans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power supply equipment is monitored through a Datalogger?

    <p>All power supply equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the condition of battery racks to facilitate maintenance?

    <p>Level and mounted on approved insulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protective device should be included in a power supply distribution panel to guard against lightning surges?

    <p>Surge protection devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these describes the proposed surface for battery installation areas?

    <p>Acid resistant painted surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material should walls in the battery room be treated with up to a suitable height?

    <p>Acid proof tiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done when receiving charged secondary cells and the electrolyte level is below the prescribed level?

    <p>Add battery grade acid of the recommended specific gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which materials should NOT be used for mixing acid and water due to contamination risks?

    <p>Lead utensils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct procedure for mixing battery grade sulphuric acid with water?

    <p>Always add acid to water and stir constantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of equipment connection arrangement is desirable at large stations?

    <p>Ring main type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable voltage loss for wires connecting power equipment?

    <p>0.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be noted during the initial charging of batteries?

    <p>The date of charging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is necessary for ensuring safety while working on electrolyte?

    <p>Wearing goggles, rubber gloves, and an apron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is authorized to maintain records of capacity tests at the time of installation?

    <p>An official not below the rank of SSE/JE (Signal).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement for ensuring that fixed stop signals do not become blank during a power failure?

    <p>Installation of secondary batteries of approved type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect must be fulfilled when drawing power from Auxiliary Transformers (ATs) in a double/multi line railway section during a power block?

    <p>At least one AT should remain available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured regarding the installation of a Diesel Generator (DG) set in a single line section?

    <p>The DG set must operate independently of the AT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of local power supply being available at a station, what role does it serve?

    <p>It acts as a backup power supply source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for power supply control panels terminating power from multiple sources?

    <p>Automatic changeover facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential about the capacity of secondary batteries provided at signalling installations?

    <p>They must be capable of handling irregular power loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arrangement is critical for the auxiliary transformers providing power in an electrified railway area?

    <p>Separate transformers should provide power for each line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protocol for installing a DG set in big yards in addition to existing power sources?

    <p>DG sets should complement existing ATs and local sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing separate MCBs from the power supply control panel?

    <p>To manage power distribution to various locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For locations beyond two km from the power supply control panel, what is specifically required?

    <p>An additional set of ATs and control panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What arrangement is necessary for the Availability of local power supply for Colour Light Signalling (CLS) installations?

    <p>Two standby diesel generators of standard make</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system may be utilized for power supply at wayside stations in non-railway electrified areas?

    <p>Solar Photo Voltaic System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature must be included in the DG sets to enhance operational flexibility?

    <p>Remote operation capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT necessary for the charging system of solar panels?

    <p>Electric motors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be compatible with the local supply system in CLS installations?

    <p>Auto/manual change-over panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for the solar panels installed at wayside stations?

    <p>Avoidance of theft-prone areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power Supply Systems for Signalling Installations

    • Power supply for signalling installations is based on Railway policy, if standard Railway Board/RDSO schemes are unsuitable.
    • Secondary batteries are required at all locations for signalling circuits.
    • Standard power supply is typically 230V AC single-phase or 415V AC three-phase. Other voltage may be used with approval from the Chief Signal and Telecommunication Engineer.
    • Power supply should be designed so that stop signals for approaching trains don't fail if main power goes out.
    • Secondary batteries of appropriate type and capacity must be used in signalling applications.

    Sources of Power Supply

    • In electrified railway areas, electric supply is typically provided through auxiliary transformers (ATs) connected to the 25KV overhead line equipment (OHE).
    • On double or multi-line sections, power is drawn from separate ATs on up and down OHE lines. A minimum of one AT must be available for power.
    • On single-line sections, a diesel generator (DG) set of appropriate capacity is required.
    • At stations with local power, this acts as backup. Larger yards use both ATs and DGs for backup.
    • Power supply from auxiliary transformers (ATs), local sources (if available), and DGs is fed to a power supply control panel located at ASM's office or gate, for automatic or manual switching (changing) between supply sources.
    • Railway signaling and telecommunication, if located two kilometers or less from power supply control panel, utilize separate MCBs (miniature circuit breakers) to each control location,
    • Locations farther than two km utilize a separate set of ATs and power supply control panel for proper delivery of power.

    Non-Electrified Railway Areas

    • Main power is local power sources. Standby diesel generators are also deployed.

    Solar Photovoltaic (Solar Panel) System

    • Solar panels may be used for power in non-electrified areas where there is sufficient sunlight.
    • They are arrayed in modules of typically 12V each, in series and parallel configurations to deliver suitable voltage to battery banks used for the power supply to railway signaling and telecommunication applications.
    • Components of solar PV system is Solar array, battery bank, solar charge controller, field junction box, solar mounting structure, earthing kits, and cables.

    Distribution of Power Supply

    • Power distribution from the change-over panel is made through underground power cables to various locations on the railway system.
    • Proper capacity circuit breakers are used to prevent overloads and short circuits.
    • Visual indications of power supply availability, are provided to staff.
    • Power supply is distributed, through a distribution panel, to various devices like IPS, transformers, rectifiers, battery chargers, and transformers, etc.

    Power Supply Equipment

    • Battery chargers (for axle counters) have built-in filters to maintain a low ripple content.
    • Standby power supplies such as transformers, battery chargers, voltage regulators may also be installed.
    • DC-DC converters are used and should be of approved type.
    • Integrated power supplies for CLS installations.
    • Maintenance-free batteries only use chargers designed for maintenance-free cells based on specifications.

    Installation of Secondary Cells

    • Secondary cells (batteries) are to be used based on approved drawings for installation purposes and are ideally located in separate, ventilated rooms (apparatus case)
    • Acid-proof flooring and walls are required. Sufficient ventilation is crucial for safety
    • Batteries must be installed away from direct sunlight and heat.
    • Approved acid-resistant paint on battery racks is needed and the compartments must have suitable openings for ventilation. Batteries should be placed in their proper order with adequate spacing in battery racks.

    Maintenance of Power Supply Equipment

    • Maintained change-over equipment in ASM offices.
    • Inspecting DC-DC converters, voltage regulators, transformers, battery chargers, etc as a periodic schedule.
    • Cleaning equipment with blowers if necessary
    • Maintenance logs, which include voltages, load currents, detailed during maintenance and checks of all components)
    • Checking and recording of battery voltages and load current for each power equipment, and taking necessary remedial action if problems are noticed.

    Maintenance of DG Sets

    • Fuel tanks, and fuel lines are kept clean.
    • Checking and maintenance of lubricating oils in DG.
    • DG maintenance done by qualified staff following safety precautions.
    • Repair and overhauling of DG Set after a period as per instructions.
    • Check radiator fan shafts for appropriate lubrication and replacing worn parts.
    • Checking DG for possible leakages of fuel and oil and their immediate fixes
    • Checking for effective automatic starting function when power fails.

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    Chapter 16: Power Supply Systems for Signalling Installations PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential aspects of power supply systems for signalling installations in the railway sector. It includes information on standard power supplies, battery requirements, and the sources of electric supply in electrified railway areas. Test your knowledge and ensure you are familiar with the vital components that keep railway signalling operational.

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