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Questions and Answers
What is the normal power supply voltage for signalling installations?
What is the normal power supply voltage for signalling installations?
What must be provided at all locations for signalling circuits?
What must be provided at all locations for signalling circuits?
What should be ensured on double/multi line sections regarding power supply?
What should be ensured on double/multi line sections regarding power supply?
In a single line section, what additional equipment is required when drawing power from a single AT?
In a single line section, what additional equipment is required when drawing power from a single AT?
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What is the purpose of a power supply control panel?
What is the purpose of a power supply control panel?
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What condition must be met for fixed stop signals for approaching trains?
What condition must be met for fixed stop signals for approaching trains?
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What is required for signalling and telecommunication installations in electrified areas?
What is required for signalling and telecommunication installations in electrified areas?
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What should be available at stations where local power supply is present?
What should be available at stations where local power supply is present?
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What is the purpose of providing a manual change over facility in the control panel?
What is the purpose of providing a manual change over facility in the control panel?
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What should be extended from the power supply control panel to S&T locations within two km?
What should be extended from the power supply control panel to S&T locations within two km?
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What is required for locations beyond two km from the power supply control panel?
What is required for locations beyond two km from the power supply control panel?
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What is the main source of power supply for Colour Light Signalling (CLS) installations?
What is the main source of power supply for Colour Light Signalling (CLS) installations?
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What is necessary for the generators installed at CLS locations?
What is necessary for the generators installed at CLS locations?
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How do solar panels work to supply power at wayside stations?
How do solar panels work to supply power at wayside stations?
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What feature must DG sets include according to site requirements?
What feature must DG sets include according to site requirements?
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What do the solar panels consist of to achieve their energy output?
What do the solar panels consist of to achieve their energy output?
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What is the purpose of using DC-DC converters with isolated outputs?
What is the purpose of using DC-DC converters with isolated outputs?
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What should be used for charging maintenance-free cells?
What should be used for charging maintenance-free cells?
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How should the current rating of a battery charger be calculated?
How should the current rating of a battery charger be calculated?
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Where should batteries be installed to prevent damage from fumes?
Where should batteries be installed to prevent damage from fumes?
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What is a requirement for the battery room mentioned in the content?
What is a requirement for the battery room mentioned in the content?
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Which component is NOT part of a solar photovoltaic system?
Which component is NOT part of a solar photovoltaic system?
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What should be considered when determining the number of solar panels to install?
What should be considered when determining the number of solar panels to install?
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How should batteries be positioned regarding sunlight and heat?
How should batteries be positioned regarding sunlight and heat?
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What type of power supply equipment should be monitored through a Datalogger?
What type of power supply equipment should be monitored through a Datalogger?
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What type of flooring and wall treatment should the battery room have?
What type of flooring and wall treatment should the battery room have?
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Which of the following is essential to protect electrical equipment from overload?
Which of the following is essential to protect electrical equipment from overload?
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How should the battery racks be maintained for safety and accessibility?
How should the battery racks be maintained for safety and accessibility?
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What is the function of a solar charge controller in a photovoltaic system?
What is the function of a solar charge controller in a photovoltaic system?
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For installations in non-renewable energy areas, what is required for power supply arrangements?
For installations in non-renewable energy areas, what is required for power supply arrangements?
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What should be done regularly to maintain the efficiency of solar panels?
What should be done regularly to maintain the efficiency of solar panels?
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What must be provided for battery chargers in axle counters?
What must be provided for battery chargers in axle counters?
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What should be used for mixing battery grade sulphuric acid with water?
What should be used for mixing battery grade sulphuric acid with water?
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When mixing acid and water, what is the recommended order of addition?
When mixing acid and water, what is the recommended order of addition?
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What protection gear is suggested while handling electrolyte?
What protection gear is suggested while handling electrolyte?
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What should be done if the level of electrolyte is below the prescribed level upon receipt of charged secondary cells?
What should be done if the level of electrolyte is below the prescribed level upon receipt of charged secondary cells?
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Which type of transformer and battery charger is recommended for installation?
Which type of transformer and battery charger is recommended for installation?
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What color coding is used for negative battery leads?
What color coding is used for negative battery leads?
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What is the maximum allowable voltage loss in connecting wires for power equipment?
What is the maximum allowable voltage loss in connecting wires for power equipment?
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Who should conduct the capacity test at the time of installation?
Who should conduct the capacity test at the time of installation?
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Which component of a solar photovoltaic system is primarily responsible for regulating the charging of batteries?
Which component of a solar photovoltaic system is primarily responsible for regulating the charging of batteries?
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What determines the number of solar panels to be installed in a photovoltaic system?
What determines the number of solar panels to be installed in a photovoltaic system?
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What is the recommended flooring type for the battery room to protect against chemicals?
What is the recommended flooring type for the battery room to protect against chemicals?
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Which type of fuses should be utilized to protect electrical equipment from overload in a power distribution system?
Which type of fuses should be utilized to protect electrical equipment from overload in a power distribution system?
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What is an essential practice for maintaining the efficiency of solar panels?
What is an essential practice for maintaining the efficiency of solar panels?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for maintaining secondary cells during installation?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for maintaining secondary cells during installation?
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In a power supply system, what component is used to provide visual indications of power availability?
In a power supply system, what component is used to provide visual indications of power availability?
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What characteristic should the battery charger possess when charging maintenance-free cells?
What characteristic should the battery charger possess when charging maintenance-free cells?
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When calculating the current rating of a battery charger, what factor is considered alongside load current?
When calculating the current rating of a battery charger, what factor is considered alongside load current?
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What should be included with battery chargers used for axle counters to minimize electrical noise?
What should be included with battery chargers used for axle counters to minimize electrical noise?
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Which type of ventilation is specifically required for the battery room?
Which type of ventilation is specifically required for the battery room?
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What type of power supply equipment is monitored through a Datalogger?
What type of power supply equipment is monitored through a Datalogger?
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What should be the condition of battery racks to facilitate maintenance?
What should be the condition of battery racks to facilitate maintenance?
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Which protective device should be included in a power supply distribution panel to guard against lightning surges?
Which protective device should be included in a power supply distribution panel to guard against lightning surges?
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Which of these describes the proposed surface for battery installation areas?
Which of these describes the proposed surface for battery installation areas?
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What material should walls in the battery room be treated with up to a suitable height?
What material should walls in the battery room be treated with up to a suitable height?
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What should be done when receiving charged secondary cells and the electrolyte level is below the prescribed level?
What should be done when receiving charged secondary cells and the electrolyte level is below the prescribed level?
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Which materials should NOT be used for mixing acid and water due to contamination risks?
Which materials should NOT be used for mixing acid and water due to contamination risks?
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What is the correct procedure for mixing battery grade sulphuric acid with water?
What is the correct procedure for mixing battery grade sulphuric acid with water?
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What type of equipment connection arrangement is desirable at large stations?
What type of equipment connection arrangement is desirable at large stations?
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What is the maximum allowable voltage loss for wires connecting power equipment?
What is the maximum allowable voltage loss for wires connecting power equipment?
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What should be noted during the initial charging of batteries?
What should be noted during the initial charging of batteries?
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Which of the following is necessary for ensuring safety while working on electrolyte?
Which of the following is necessary for ensuring safety while working on electrolyte?
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Who is authorized to maintain records of capacity tests at the time of installation?
Who is authorized to maintain records of capacity tests at the time of installation?
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What is the primary requirement for ensuring that fixed stop signals do not become blank during a power failure?
What is the primary requirement for ensuring that fixed stop signals do not become blank during a power failure?
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Which aspect must be fulfilled when drawing power from Auxiliary Transformers (ATs) in a double/multi line railway section during a power block?
Which aspect must be fulfilled when drawing power from Auxiliary Transformers (ATs) in a double/multi line railway section during a power block?
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What must be ensured regarding the installation of a Diesel Generator (DG) set in a single line section?
What must be ensured regarding the installation of a Diesel Generator (DG) set in a single line section?
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In the case of local power supply being available at a station, what role does it serve?
In the case of local power supply being available at a station, what role does it serve?
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What is necessary for power supply control panels terminating power from multiple sources?
What is necessary for power supply control panels terminating power from multiple sources?
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What is essential about the capacity of secondary batteries provided at signalling installations?
What is essential about the capacity of secondary batteries provided at signalling installations?
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Which arrangement is critical for the auxiliary transformers providing power in an electrified railway area?
Which arrangement is critical for the auxiliary transformers providing power in an electrified railway area?
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What is the protocol for installing a DG set in big yards in addition to existing power sources?
What is the protocol for installing a DG set in big yards in addition to existing power sources?
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What is the purpose of providing separate MCBs from the power supply control panel?
What is the purpose of providing separate MCBs from the power supply control panel?
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For locations beyond two km from the power supply control panel, what is specifically required?
For locations beyond two km from the power supply control panel, what is specifically required?
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What arrangement is necessary for the Availability of local power supply for Colour Light Signalling (CLS) installations?
What arrangement is necessary for the Availability of local power supply for Colour Light Signalling (CLS) installations?
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What system may be utilized for power supply at wayside stations in non-railway electrified areas?
What system may be utilized for power supply at wayside stations in non-railway electrified areas?
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What feature must be included in the DG sets to enhance operational flexibility?
What feature must be included in the DG sets to enhance operational flexibility?
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Which element is NOT necessary for the charging system of solar panels?
Which element is NOT necessary for the charging system of solar panels?
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What must be compatible with the local supply system in CLS installations?
What must be compatible with the local supply system in CLS installations?
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What is essential for the solar panels installed at wayside stations?
What is essential for the solar panels installed at wayside stations?
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Study Notes
Power Supply Systems for Signalling Installations
- Power supply for signalling installations is based on Railway policy, if standard Railway Board/RDSO schemes are unsuitable.
- Secondary batteries are required at all locations for signalling circuits.
- Standard power supply is typically 230V AC single-phase or 415V AC three-phase. Other voltage may be used with approval from the Chief Signal and Telecommunication Engineer.
- Power supply should be designed so that stop signals for approaching trains don't fail if main power goes out.
- Secondary batteries of appropriate type and capacity must be used in signalling applications.
Sources of Power Supply
- In electrified railway areas, electric supply is typically provided through auxiliary transformers (ATs) connected to the 25KV overhead line equipment (OHE).
- On double or multi-line sections, power is drawn from separate ATs on up and down OHE lines. A minimum of one AT must be available for power.
- On single-line sections, a diesel generator (DG) set of appropriate capacity is required.
- At stations with local power, this acts as backup. Larger yards use both ATs and DGs for backup.
- Power supply from auxiliary transformers (ATs), local sources (if available), and DGs is fed to a power supply control panel located at ASM's office or gate, for automatic or manual switching (changing) between supply sources.
- Railway signaling and telecommunication, if located two kilometers or less from power supply control panel, utilize separate MCBs (miniature circuit breakers) to each control location,
- Locations farther than two km utilize a separate set of ATs and power supply control panel for proper delivery of power.
Non-Electrified Railway Areas
- Main power is local power sources. Standby diesel generators are also deployed.
Solar Photovoltaic (Solar Panel) System
- Solar panels may be used for power in non-electrified areas where there is sufficient sunlight.
- They are arrayed in modules of typically 12V each, in series and parallel configurations to deliver suitable voltage to battery banks used for the power supply to railway signaling and telecommunication applications.
- Components of solar PV system is Solar array, battery bank, solar charge controller, field junction box, solar mounting structure, earthing kits, and cables.
Distribution of Power Supply
- Power distribution from the change-over panel is made through underground power cables to various locations on the railway system.
- Proper capacity circuit breakers are used to prevent overloads and short circuits.
- Visual indications of power supply availability, are provided to staff.
- Power supply is distributed, through a distribution panel, to various devices like IPS, transformers, rectifiers, battery chargers, and transformers, etc.
Power Supply Equipment
- Battery chargers (for axle counters) have built-in filters to maintain a low ripple content.
- Standby power supplies such as transformers, battery chargers, voltage regulators may also be installed.
- DC-DC converters are used and should be of approved type.
- Integrated power supplies for CLS installations.
- Maintenance-free batteries only use chargers designed for maintenance-free cells based on specifications.
Installation of Secondary Cells
- Secondary cells (batteries) are to be used based on approved drawings for installation purposes and are ideally located in separate, ventilated rooms (apparatus case)
- Acid-proof flooring and walls are required. Sufficient ventilation is crucial for safety
- Batteries must be installed away from direct sunlight and heat.
- Approved acid-resistant paint on battery racks is needed and the compartments must have suitable openings for ventilation. Batteries should be placed in their proper order with adequate spacing in battery racks.
Maintenance of Power Supply Equipment
- Maintained change-over equipment in ASM offices.
- Inspecting DC-DC converters, voltage regulators, transformers, battery chargers, etc as a periodic schedule.
- Cleaning equipment with blowers if necessary
- Maintenance logs, which include voltages, load currents, detailed during maintenance and checks of all components)
- Checking and recording of battery voltages and load current for each power equipment, and taking necessary remedial action if problems are noticed.
Maintenance of DG Sets
- Fuel tanks, and fuel lines are kept clean.
- Checking and maintenance of lubricating oils in DG.
- DG maintenance done by qualified staff following safety precautions.
- Repair and overhauling of DG Set after a period as per instructions.
- Check radiator fan shafts for appropriate lubrication and replacing worn parts.
- Checking DG for possible leakages of fuel and oil and their immediate fixes
- Checking for effective automatic starting function when power fails.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of power supply systems for signalling installations in the railway sector. It includes information on standard power supplies, battery requirements, and the sources of electric supply in electrified railway areas. Test your knowledge and ensure you are familiar with the vital components that keep railway signalling operational.
