Power Supply Distribution in Stations

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Questions and Answers

In non-railway electrified areas, what type of power supply arrangement should be designed for new installations?

Incompatible to RE

Similar to RE

Compatible to diesel generators

Suitable to RE (correct)

How should the output supply of diesel generators be connected?

Connected to the battery bank

Connected to the ASM office

Connected directly to the signal lighting

Connected to the auto/manual change-over panel compatible to RE (correct)

What is the primary function of a solar charge controller in a Solar Photo Voltaic System?

To charge the battery bank (correct)

To increase the voltage of the solar panels

To regulate the current supplied to the signal lighting

To convert DC to AC

What is the purpose of regular cleaning on the surface of solar panels?

To remove dust and ensure efficient charging Signup and view all the answers

What determines the number of solar panels to be installed?

The requirement of charging current and voltage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of invertors in Solar Photo Voltaic Systems?

To convert DC to AC for signal lighting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a Solar Photo Voltaic System?

Diesel Generator Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an auto/manual change-over panel?

To switch between diesel generator and local supply Signup and view all the answers

In big yards, which of the following shall be installed?

DG sets of adequate capacity Signup and view all the answers

Where shall the power supply control panel be provided?

In ASM's office/cabin or at LC gate as required Signup and view all the answers

Who shall provide and maintain the power supply control panel?

Electrical Dept. Signup and view all the answers

How shall the supply from the power supply control panel be extended to various S&T locations?

Through separate MCBs Signup and view all the answers

What shall be provided in Non-Railway Electrified Areas for Colour Light Signalling (CLS) installations?

Local power supply as main source of supply Signup and view all the answers

What shall be provided in addition to local power supply in Non-Railway Electrified Areas for Colour Light Signalling (CLS) installations?

Two standby diesel generators Signup and view all the answers

What facility shall be provided in the power supply control panel?

Automatic and manual change over facilities Signup and view all the answers

How shall the DG sets be operated?

Either manually or remotely as per site requirement and feasibility Signup and view all the answers

What type of fuses should be used to protect against overload/short circuits in underground power cables?

Proper capacity HRC fuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of visual indications in power supply distribution?

To indicate the availability of power supplies from various feeders Signup and view all the answers

What type of protection devices are used to protect power equipment against lightning/surges?

Lightening and surge protection devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Datalogger in power supply systems?

To monitor power supply system Signup and view all the answers

What type of filters should be used in battery chargers for axle counters?

In-built filters Signup and view all the answers

What type of converters can be used to obtain different voltages from a common Battery bank?

DC-DC converters Signup and view all the answers

What type of power supply system is used at CLS installations?

Integrated power supply system Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of auto/manual change-over panels in power supply systems?

To select supply from various feeders Signup and view all the answers

What should be maintained between the cells in a battery bank?

Adequate clearance Signup and view all the answers

What type of acid is recommended for use as an electrolyte in battery banks?

Battery grade sulphuric acid Signup and view all the answers

When mixing acid and water, what should be added first?

Acid Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to mix acid and water?

Glass or acid-proof containers Signup and view all the answers

When should the capacity test of secondary cells be performed?

After installation Signup and view all the answers

In which type of room should batteries be installed to avoid damage to power equipment due to fumes?

Separate room with acid proof flooring and acid proof tiles Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of installing batteries on wooden racks or insulated masonry surfaces?

To allow easy access for maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Who should maintain the record of capacity test of secondary cells?

An official not below the rank of SSE/JE (Signal) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended formula to derive the current rating of a battery charger?

Current rating of charger = Load current + AH/10 capacity of cell Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to restore the electrolyte level in secondary cells?

Battery grade acid of recommended specific gravity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a voltage regulator of approved type for AC supply to signal transformers?

To regulate the AC voltage Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to feed signals and track feed chargers, according to the guidelines?

Separate transformers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for keeping batteries away from direct rays of the sun?

To prevent overheating Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to protect the racks from acid spills, according to the guidelines?

Acid resistant paint Signup and view all the answers

Why should batteries be kept properly aligned and numbered?

To facilitate maintenance and monitoring Signup and view all the answers

What type of material shall be used for mixing acid and water?

Glass, porcelain, or rubber Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when the level of the electrolyte is below the prescribed level?

Add battery grade acid to the electrolyte Signup and view all the answers

What should be maintained between the cells in a battery bank?

An adequate clearance Signup and view all the answers

When mixing acid and water, what should be done to prevent the temperature from exceeding 50°C?

Stir the solution constantly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for installing batteries in a separate room or apparatus case?

To avoid damage to power equipment due to fumes Signup and view all the answers

Who should perform the capacity test of secondary cells?

An official not below the rank of SSE/JE Signup and view all the answers

What type of material should be used for flooring and walls in a battery room?

Acid proof tiles Signup and view all the answers

What type of protection should be used while working on electrolyte?

Rubber gloves and an apron Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of providing ventilation in a battery room?

To prevent acid fumes from accumulating Signup and view all the answers

What should be available in the battery room?

A hydrometer of approved type Signup and view all the answers

When should the date of charging be suitably painted on the batteries?

During the initial charging of the batteries Signup and view all the answers

How should the racks for battery installation be protected?

With two or more coats of acid resistant paint Signup and view all the answers

Why should batteries be kept away from direct rays of the sun?

To prevent overheating Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a voltage regulator of approved type for AC supply to signal transformers?

To regulate the voltage output Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended formula to derive the current rating of a battery charger?

Current rating of charger = Load current + AH/10 capacity of cell Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to feed signals and track feed chargers?

A separate transformer Signup and view all the answers

In what type of room should batteries be installed to avoid damage to power equipment due to fumes?

Well-ventilated room with acid-proof materials Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to mix acid and water when preparing the electrolyte?

A glass rod Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for performing capacity tests on secondary cells?

Every 12 months Signup and view all the answers

Why should batteries be kept away from direct rays of the sun?

To prevent overheating Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to protect the racks from acid spills?

Acid-proof mats Signup and view all the answers

How should batteries be installed to prevent damage to power equipment?

On wooden racks or insulated masonry surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What should be maintained between the cells in a battery bank?

Equal electrolyte level Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended type of acid for use as an electrolyte in battery banks?

Sulfuric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for designing a battery room?

Ensuring proper ventilation to prevent accumulation of hydrogen gas Signup and view all the answers

What material should be used to protect the racks from acid spills in a battery room?

Acid-proof ceramic tiles Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended practice for mixing acid and water in a battery room?

Add acid to water slowly and with continuous stirring Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to maintain a record of capacity tests of secondary cells?

To track the battery's performance and identify potential issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of installing batteries on wooden racks or insulated masonry surfaces?

To reduce the risk of acid corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to restore the electrolyte level in secondary cells?

Distilled water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for keeping batteries away from direct rays of the sun?

To prevent overheating Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended practice for aligning and numbering batteries in a battery room?

Aligning batteries in a specific pattern and numbering them sequentially Signup and view all the answers

Where should batteries be installed to avoid damage to power equipment due to fumes?

In a room with good ventilation and exhaust fans Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to mix acid and water when maintaining battery banks?

A stainless steel spoon Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to restore the electrolyte level in secondary cells?

Distilled water Signup and view all the answers

Why should batteries be kept away from direct rays of the sun?

To prevent overheating Signup and view all the answers

Who should maintain the record of capacity test of secondary cells?

Maintenance personnel Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to protect the racks from acid spills, according to the guidelines?

A acid-resistant coating Signup and view all the answers

What should be maintained between the cells in a battery bank?

A minimum distance of 1 cm Signup and view all the answers

What type of acid is recommended for use as an electrolyte in battery banks?

Sulfuric acid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Distribution of Power Supply

Power is distributed from the auto/manual change-over panel to installations/cabins through underground power cables of approved type.
Proper capacity HRC fuses/Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) are provided to protect against overload/short circuits.
Visual indications showing availability of power supplies from various feeders are provided for the ASM/Gate man.
230 V power supply is distributed to various power equipment through a distribution panel.
Proper capacity HRC fuses/MCBs, lightening and surge protection devices are provided for protection of the equipment against overload and lightning/surges.

Power Supply Equipment

All power supply equipment such as battery chargers, transformers, voltage regulators, transformer-rectifier sets, Inverters, Batteries etc. are procured as per approved specifications.
Battery chargers for axle counters have in-built filters to maintain ripple content below specified value.
Standby power equipment such as battery chargers, transformers, Voltage regulators, Transformer-rectifier sets etc. may be provided.
Secondary cells of prescribed capacities are provided for DC circuits.
DC-DC converters of approved type with isolated outputs may be used to obtain different voltages from a common Battery bank.
Integrated power supply system of approved type is used at CLS installations.
Solar Photo Voltaic System/Solar Panels (approved type) may be used as power supply at wayside stations, LC gates in those areas having sufficient sunlight and are not theft prone.

Solar Photo Voltaic System

A solar panel consists of a number of modules (Typically 12 V each) which are connected in series and parallel configuration to provide a specific voltage and current to charge a battery bank.
The battery bank supplies necessary power supply to signalling and telecommunication applications.
Main components of solar photo voltaic system are: • Solar Array • Battery bank • Solar charge controller • Field junction box • Solar Module Mounting Structure • Earthing Kit • Cables
The number of solar panels to be installed is decided based on requirement of charging current and voltage.
Regular cleaning is done on the surface solar panels to remove dust.

Non Railway Electrified Area

For Colour Light Signalling (CLS) installations, local power supply is used as main source of supply.
In addition, two standby diesel generators shall be installed.
Initial charging of the batteries shall be done as per instructions of the manufacturer and the date of charging shall be suitably painted on the batteries, or on a separate board kept near the batteries.
Battery grade sulphuric acid conforming to IS 266, diluted with distilled water conforming to IS 1069 shall only be used as electrolyte.

Installation of Power Supply Equipment

The power supply equipment shall be installed to facilitate easy replacement of equipment without affecting the other circuits as far as possible.
AC supply for signal transformers shall be derived from a voltage regulator of approved type.
Separate Transformer shall be used for feeding signals and track feed chargers.
The current rating of battery charger may be derived from the formula - Current rating of charger = Load current + AH/10 capacity of cell.

Installation of Secondary Cells

Secondary cells of approved type shall be used.
The cells shall be installed as per approved drawings.
The batteries shall be installed in separate room/apparatus case to avoid damage to power equipment due to fumes.
The battery room shall be provided with acid proof flooring and acid proof tiles on walls up to a suitable height.

Battery Maintenance and Installation

Adequate clearance should be maintained between battery cells.
Initial charging of batteries should be done according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the date of charging should be recorded on the batteries or a separate board.
Battery-grade sulfuric acid conforming to IS 266, diluted with distilled water conforming to IS 1069, should be used as an electrolyte.
A glass, porcelain, or acid-proof container should be used for mixing acid and water; metal utensils except lead should not be used as they will contaminate the electrolyte.
Acid should be added to water while mixing, and the solution should be stirred constantly to prevent its temperature from exceeding 50°C.
Suitable protection, including goggles, rubber gloves, and an apron, should be worn while working with electrolytes.

Battery Installation

Secondary cells of approved type should be used, and they should be installed according to approved drawings.
Batteries should be installed in a separate room or apparatus case to avoid damage to power equipment due to fumes.
The battery room should be well-ventilated, with acid-proof flooring and acid-proof tiles up to a suitable height.
Batteries should be installed away from direct sunlight and any heat-radiating equipment.
Batteries should be installed on wooden racks or insulated masonry surfaces, with acid-proof tiles, and should be properly aligned and numbered.

Power Supply Systems

Power supply systems should be designed to facilitate easy replacement of equipment without affecting other circuits.
Maintenance-free cells should be used with chargers suitable for charging maintenance-free cells as per approved specifications.
AC supply for signal transformers should be derived from a voltage regulator of approved type.
Separate transformers should be used for feeding signals and track feed chargers.
The current rating of battery chargers should be calculated using the formula: Current rating of charger = Load current + AH/10 capacity of cell.

Distribution of Power Supply

The selected supply from the auto/manual change-over panel should be distributed to installations/cabins at the station through underground power cables of approved type.
Visual indications showing the availability of power supplies from various feeders should be provided for the ASM/Gate man.
230V power supply from the auto/manual change-over panel should be distributed to various power equipment through a distribution panel.
Power supply systems should be monitored through Datalogger as required.

Power Supply Equipment

All power supply equipment should be procured as per approved specifications.
Battery chargers for axle counters should have in-built filters to maintain ripple content below the specified value.
Standby power equipment such as battery chargers, transformers, voltage regulators, transformer-rectifier sets, etc. should be provided.
Integrated power supply systems of approved type should be used at CLS installations.

Solar Photo Voltaic System

Solar Photo Voltaic System/Solar Panels of approved type may be used as a power supply at wayside stations, LC gates in areas with sufficient sunlight and are not theft-prone.
The solar panel consists of a number of modules (typically 12V each) connected in series and parallel configuration to provide a specific voltage and current to charge a battery bank.
Main components of solar photo voltaic system include solar array, battery bank, solar charge controller, field junction box, solar module mounting structure, earthing kit, and cables.

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Description

This quiz covers the arrangements and safety measures for distributing power supply to installations and cabins at a station, including the use of approved cables and protective devices.