Powell Doctrine and U.S. Cold War Policy in Latin America
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Questions and Answers

What was the consequence of the news breaking after an American plane was shot down over Nicaragua?

  • Military spending increased significantly
  • Reagan was found guilty and impeached
  • The CIA was disbanded
  • A huge Congressional Investigation took place (correct)
  • Who pardoned the people within Reagan’s administration found guilty in the Iran-Contra Affair?

  • Jimmy Carter
  • George H.W. Bush (correct)
  • Ronald Reagan himself
  • Bill Clinton
  • What is the primary goal of Perestroika under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev?

  • Expanding the military capabilities of the Soviet Union
  • Reforming the Soviet economic system (correct)
  • Increasing censorship within the Soviet Union
  • Privatizing all Soviet industries
  • Which term refers to allowing Soviet citizens more freedoms, including the right to question the government?

    <p>Glasnost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the U.S. and the Soviet Union respond to the economic collapse that threatened the Soviet Union?

    <p>Agreed to reduce nuclear arms and established rapport between leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the belief that it was impossible for Ronald Reagan to be clueless about the Iran-Contra Affair?

    <p>The significant involvement of people within Reagan's administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant outcome of the 1965 Hart-Cellar Act?

    <p>It removed the previous quota on immigration from Eastern Europe and other regions of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where were the majority of new immigrants coming from after the 1965 Hart-Cellar Act?

    <p>Asia and Latin America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the 1980s for Native Americans?

    <p>Opening of Casinos on tribal lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did many believe about American society regarding individual needs?

    <p>Too concerned about individual needs at the expense of society as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the new immigrants have on the U.S. job market?

    <p>Willingness to work for low wages and difficult jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused a change in Native American prosperity in the 1980s?

    <p>Court cases making it easier to regulate gambling on tribal lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of U.S. Cold War policy in Latin America during the Reagan administration?

    <p>To transform authoritarian dictatorships into democracies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Boland Amendment passed in 1984?

    <p>To prevent the U.S. from providing aid to the Contra in Nicaragua</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Iran Contra Affair, and how did it violate U.S. policy?

    <p>The CIA sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of U.S. hostages in Lebanon, violating a weapons sale ban on Iran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Powell Doctrine, and how was it developed?

    <p>U.S. troops could only be sent overseas if there were no other options, the mission was achievable, public opinion supported the action, and there was a clear exit strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the main criticisms faced by the Reagan administration during their involvement in El Salvador?

    <p>The U.S. faced criticism for supporting El Salvador where critics were assassinated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the main principles of Perestroika and Glasnost in the Soviet Union during the late 1980s?

    <p>Perestroika involved restructuring the Soviet political and economic system, while Glasnost promoted openness and transparency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first woman to be on the ticket as a V.P. for a major political party in the 1984 Presidential Election?

    <p>Geraldine Ferraro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the nickname of Ronald Reagan during the 1984 Presidential Election?

    <p>The Great Communicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the New Democrats?

    <p>To shift party politics more to the right-of-center mainstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ronald Reagan refer to as the 'Evil Empire' in a speech from 1983?

    <p>Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Strategic Defense Initiative also known as?

    <p>Star Wars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized Walter Mondale's supporters in the 1984 Presidential Election?

    <p>African Americans and labor unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criteria needed to be met for U.S. troops to be sent overseas according to the Powell Doctrine?

    <p>Achievable mission, public opinion backing, and a clear exit strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Reagan aim to transform authoritarian dictatorships in Latin America according to the text?

    <p>By providing military aid to support democratic transitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of Reagan's support for El Salvador as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Criticism and discrimination due to assassinations of critics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the U.S. violate its own policies during the Iran Contra Affair?

    <p>By covertly selling weapons to Iran despite a weapons sale ban</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Boland Amendment (1984) related to the Contra in Nicaragua?

    <p>To stop U.S. aid from funding anti-Sandinista activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Reagan's approach towards totalitarian governments like the Soviet Union based on the text?

    <p>He aimed to transform them into democracies through policies like Perestroika</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Hart-Cellar Act of 1965?

    <p>It facilitated the transition from dictatorships to democracies in various countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to the Cold War era, what was one effect of Reagan's interaction with Gorbachev?

    <p>It fostered a period of reduced tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the Soviet Union's economic collapse in the late 1980s?

    <p>It contributed to the breakup of the Soviet Union into independent states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Glasnost impact the Soviet citizens' relationship with their government?

    <p>It allowed citizens more freedom to question government actions and policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of Reagan's involvement in aiding the Contra in Nicaragua?

    <p>It raised concerns about ethical conduct and accountability within Reagan's administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the news of an American plane being shot down over Nicaragua impact U.S.-Soviet relations?

    <p>It resulted in a period of heightened distrust and suspicion between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant technological advancement was introduced in the 1980s?

    <p>Introduction of the personal computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural phenomenon was popular in the film industry during the 1980s?

    <p>Huge blockbusters like Star Wars and Indiana Jones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the Christian Coalition, and what was its main goal?

    <p>Pat Robertson, to reshape the political agenda in the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of the 1965 Hart-Cellar Act?

    <p>Increased immigration from Latin America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the New Democrats?

    <p>Supporting free-market principles and individualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Ronald Reagan's economic policies?

    <p>Supporting supply-side economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary economic policy of the Reagan administration commonly known as?

    <p>Supply-Side Economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the primary politicians involved in the formation of the New Democrats?

    <p>Richard Gephardt and Bill Clinton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary objective of the Hart-Cellar Act of 1965?

    <p>To remove racial quotas from immigration laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technological innovation was developed during Reagan's presidency to protect the U.S. from missile attacks?

    <p>The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Reagan administration's cultural policies impact the arts and humanities?

    <p>Promotion of traditional American values in art and literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main effect of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 on the U.S. economy?

    <p>Simplified the tax code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Supply-Side Economics under the Reagan administration?

    <p>To stimulate economic growth by lowering taxes and reducing government regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the New Democrats and what was their main focus?

    <p>A group of Democrats who focused on appealing to conservative voters and embracing free-market principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of the 1965 Hart-Cellar Act?

    <p>The Act eliminated quotas based on national origin and established a new immigration policy based on family reunification and skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did advancements in technology impact the economy during the Reagan era?

    <p>Technological advancements led to an increase in productivity and economic growth, but also contributed to income inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the culture of individualism impact American society during the Reagan era?

    <p>The culture of individualism led to an increase in personal responsibility and a decrease in government dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Reagan administration approach the issue of the Soviet Union's economic collapse?

    <p>The Reagan administration imposed economic sanctions on the Soviet Union to hasten its economic collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

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