38 Questions
What is the primary difference between septic egg related peritonitis and non-septic peritonitis?
The presence of bacteria
Which of the following is a complication of septic egg related peritonitis?
Intestinal obstruction
What is the most common outcome of septic egg related peritonitis?
Sudden death
Which of the following is a sign of septic egg related peritonitis?
Abdominal swelling
What is the impact of septic egg related peritonitis on the abdominal organs?
It causes scarring and adhesions of all abdominal organs
What is a possible consequence of untreated septic egg related peritonitis?
Development of diabetes
What is a common sign of septic egg related peritonitis in birds?
Cessation of egg laying
Which of the following is a characteristic of septic egg related peritonitis?
It is a severe inflammatory reaction
What is the primary cause of egg binding?
Failure of the egg to pass through the oviduct at a normal rate
Which of the following is a consequence of prolonged egg binding?
Septic egg related peritonitis
What is the term for eggs that are laid outside of the uterus?
Ectopic eggs
Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the ovaries?
Oophoritis
What is the term for the failure of the uterus to return to its normal position after laying an egg?
Prolapse of the uterus
Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of eggs in the abdominal cavity?
Non-septic egg peritonitis
What is the term for the infection of the oviduct and uterus?
Infections of the oviduct and uterus
Which condition is characterized by the abnormal production of eggs?
Overproduction
What is the primary reason for the rupture of the oviduct in hens?
Restraining hens during ovulation
What is the consequence of no bacteria being present in the abdominal cavity?
All yolk material will be reabsorbed
What is the primary objective of the treatment for yolk peritonitis?
To support the hen's natural healing process
What is the recommended method to manipulate the amount of light the hen gets?
Removing the hen from its cage and mate, and covering it except for 4 hours of light for 4 days
What is the minimum dose of quinacrine HCI that is fatal to pigeons?
50mg/kg of body weight
What is the potential risk of using hormonal injections to switch off the laying cycle?
Depression, increased urine production, weight gain, liver damage, suppression of the immune system, and diabetes
What is the main reason to avoid worming a sick bird?
Because the bird may not be able to tolerate the treatment
What is a common sign of yolk peritonitis in hens?
Abdominal swelling and weight loss
Which of the following medications is considered the safest for most birds?
Ivermectin
What is the effective dose of levamisole compared to tetramisole?
Half that of tetramisole
What is the primary goal of surgery in severe cases of yolk peritonitis?
To remove yolk material from the abdominal cavity
What is the consequence of severe inflammation and infection in the abdominal cavity?
Septic peritonitis, which requires antibiotic treatment
What is the range of toxicity for levamisole in different bird species?
66-300 mg/kg of body weight
Which species of birds are most susceptible to the toxic effects of quinacrine HCI?
Waterfowl
What is a common source of carbon monoxide poisoning in birds?
Faulty ventilating systems and engine exhaust
Which of the following products is NOT highly toxic to birds?
Water
What is the primary cause of botulism in birds?
Biotoxin from dead poultry
What is the effect of blue-green algae on birds?
It causes liver damage and paralysis
What is the term for plant-based toxins that can harm birds?
Phytotoxins
What is the key to preventing botulism in birds?
Removing dead poultry from the litter
What is the effect of carbon monoxide poisoning on birds?
It causes liver and kidney damage
What is the benefit of researching proper care and maintenance of ponds?
It can help maintain a healthy ecosystem for waterfowl
Study Notes
Reproductive Health Issues in Birds
- Egg binding: failure of an egg to pass through the oviduct at a normal rate, can be caused by rupture of the oviduct, stress, or restraint during ovulation.
Signs of Egg Binding
- Abdominal swelling
- Wide-based stance
- Weight loss
Treatment of Egg Binding
- Mainly supportive
- Antibiotics used in case of septic peritonitis
- Surgery to remove yolk material if signs are severe
- Attempt to switch off laying cycle by manipulating light exposure
- Hormonal injections can be used but with a risk of significant side effects
Septic Egg Related Peritonitis
- Yolk peritonitis contaminated with bacteria, causing a severe inflammatory reaction throughout the abdomen
- More common than non-septic peritonitis
- Causes congestion, scarring, and adhesions of all abdominal organs
Signs of Septic Egg Related Peritonitis
- Sudden death
- Abdominal swelling
- Respiratory distress
- Depression
- Anorexia
- Cessation of egg laying
Complications of Septic Egg Related Peritonitis
- Diabetes
- Strokes
- Intestinal obstruction
- Hepatitis
Treatment of Toxicities in Birds
- Parasitic and worming treatments: use with caution, as they can be poisonous to certain bird species
- Quinacrine HCI (Atabrine): safe for poultry but fatal to pigeons at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight
- Benzimidazoles, phenothiazine, and ivermectin: relatively well-tolerated by most birds
- Levamisole: use with caution due to its wide range of toxicity in different bird species
Toxic Substances in Birds
- Carbon monoxide: can occur from faulty ventilation systems, engine exhaust, or open-flame brooders
- Household and commercial products: alcohol, antifreeze, fertilizers, and mothballs can cause liver and/or kidney damage
- Botulism: caused by a biotoxin, common in waterfowl breeders with a pond, and can be caused by dead poultry in litter
- Algae: a biotoxin that can cause paralysis, dilated heart, and liver damage in birds
- Phytotoxins (plants): can be deadly or chronic, and range from toxic to birds depending on the type of plant
This quiz covers various health issues affecting poultry, including egg binding, prolapse of the oviduct and uterus, and infections of the oviduct and uterus.
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