Poultry Health and Reproductive Issues
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between septic egg related peritonitis and non-septic peritonitis?

  • The speed of onset of symptoms
  • The severity of inflammatory reaction
  • The location of the abdominal organs affected
  • The presence of bacteria (correct)
  • Which of the following is a complication of septic egg related peritonitis?

  • Skin lesions
  • Renal failure
  • Intestinal obstruction (correct)
  • Cardiac arrest
  • What is the most common outcome of septic egg related peritonitis?

  • Full recovery
  • Relapse
  • Chronic illness
  • Sudden death (correct)
  • Which of the following is a sign of septic egg related peritonitis?

    <p>Abdominal swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of septic egg related peritonitis on the abdominal organs?

    <p>It causes scarring and adhesions of all abdominal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of untreated septic egg related peritonitis?

    <p>Development of diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of septic egg related peritonitis in birds?

    <p>Cessation of egg laying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of septic egg related peritonitis?

    <p>It is a severe inflammatory reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of egg binding?

    <p>Failure of the egg to pass through the oviduct at a normal rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of prolonged egg binding?

    <p>Septic egg related peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for eggs that are laid outside of the uterus?

    <p>Ectopic eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the ovaries?

    <p>Oophoritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the failure of the uterus to return to its normal position after laying an egg?

    <p>Prolapse of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of eggs in the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Non-septic egg peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the infection of the oviduct and uterus?

    <p>Infections of the oviduct and uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the abnormal production of eggs?

    <p>Overproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the rupture of the oviduct in hens?

    <p>Restraining hens during ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of no bacteria being present in the abdominal cavity?

    <p>All yolk material will be reabsorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the treatment for yolk peritonitis?

    <p>To support the hen's natural healing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method to manipulate the amount of light the hen gets?

    <p>Removing the hen from its cage and mate, and covering it except for 4 hours of light for 4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum dose of quinacrine HCI that is fatal to pigeons?

    <p>50mg/kg of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk of using hormonal injections to switch off the laying cycle?

    <p>Depression, increased urine production, weight gain, liver damage, suppression of the immune system, and diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason to avoid worming a sick bird?

    <p>Because the bird may not be able to tolerate the treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of yolk peritonitis in hens?

    <p>Abdominal swelling and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is considered the safest for most birds?

    <p>Ivermectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective dose of levamisole compared to tetramisole?

    <p>Half that of tetramisole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgery in severe cases of yolk peritonitis?

    <p>To remove yolk material from the abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of severe inflammation and infection in the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Septic peritonitis, which requires antibiotic treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of toxicity for levamisole in different bird species?

    <p>66-300 mg/kg of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of birds are most susceptible to the toxic effects of quinacrine HCI?

    <p>Waterfowl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of carbon monoxide poisoning in birds?

    <p>Faulty ventilating systems and engine exhaust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following products is NOT highly toxic to birds?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of botulism in birds?

    <p>Biotoxin from dead poultry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of blue-green algae on birds?

    <p>It causes liver damage and paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for plant-based toxins that can harm birds?

    <p>Phytotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to preventing botulism in birds?

    <p>Removing dead poultry from the litter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of carbon monoxide poisoning on birds?

    <p>It causes liver and kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of researching proper care and maintenance of ponds?

    <p>It can help maintain a healthy ecosystem for waterfowl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reproductive Health Issues in Birds

    • Egg binding: failure of an egg to pass through the oviduct at a normal rate, can be caused by rupture of the oviduct, stress, or restraint during ovulation.

    Signs of Egg Binding

    • Abdominal swelling
    • Wide-based stance
    • Weight loss

    Treatment of Egg Binding

    • Mainly supportive
    • Antibiotics used in case of septic peritonitis
    • Surgery to remove yolk material if signs are severe
    • Attempt to switch off laying cycle by manipulating light exposure
    • Hormonal injections can be used but with a risk of significant side effects
    • Yolk peritonitis contaminated with bacteria, causing a severe inflammatory reaction throughout the abdomen
    • More common than non-septic peritonitis
    • Causes congestion, scarring, and adhesions of all abdominal organs
    • Sudden death
    • Abdominal swelling
    • Respiratory distress
    • Depression
    • Anorexia
    • Cessation of egg laying
    • Diabetes
    • Strokes
    • Intestinal obstruction
    • Hepatitis

    Treatment of Toxicities in Birds

    • Parasitic and worming treatments: use with caution, as they can be poisonous to certain bird species
    • Quinacrine HCI (Atabrine): safe for poultry but fatal to pigeons at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight
    • Benzimidazoles, phenothiazine, and ivermectin: relatively well-tolerated by most birds
    • Levamisole: use with caution due to its wide range of toxicity in different bird species

    Toxic Substances in Birds

    • Carbon monoxide: can occur from faulty ventilation systems, engine exhaust, or open-flame brooders
    • Household and commercial products: alcohol, antifreeze, fertilizers, and mothballs can cause liver and/or kidney damage
    • Botulism: caused by a biotoxin, common in waterfowl breeders with a pond, and can be caused by dead poultry in litter
    • Algae: a biotoxin that can cause paralysis, dilated heart, and liver damage in birds
    • Phytotoxins (plants): can be deadly or chronic, and range from toxic to birds depending on the type of plant

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    Productive disease PH.D.1.docx

    Description

    This quiz covers various health issues affecting poultry, including egg binding, prolapse of the oviduct and uterus, and infections of the oviduct and uterus.

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