Poultry Disease: Pullorum Disease
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Salmonella pullorum?

  • Gram Positive
  • Gram Negative (correct)
  • Formerly known as Avian Influenza
  • Formerly known as Newcastle Disease

    • Which of the following hosts is more resistant to Pullorum disease?

  • Waterfowl (correct)
  • Chickens
  • Turkeys
  • Grouse

    • How is Pullorum disease primarily spread?

  • Through direct contact
  • Through airborne transmission
  • Through contaminated food and water (correct)
  • Through vectors such as ticks

    • What is the most common clinical sign of acute Pullorum disease?

    <p>Drop in food consumption and egg production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of infection from the infected bird to the newly hatched chick?

    <p>Through the ovary to the newly hatched chick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic lesion seen in Pullorum disease?

    <p>Prominent blood vessels and congested skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of life is Salmonella pullorum most likely to persist in the host?

    <p>In the mature bird's spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of extreme cases of Pullorum disease?

    <p>100% mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of death in chicks that die shortly after hatching?

    <p>Peritonitis with an inflamed, unabsorbed yolk sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Fowl Cholera?

    <p>Horizontal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign of Fowl Typhoid?

    <p>Respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of Infectious Coryza?

    <p>Avibacterium paragallinarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic lesion of Fowl Typhoid?

    <p>Pseudomembrane attached to the intestinal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a host for Fowl Typhoid?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ affected in Fowl Cholera?

    <p>Respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic gross lesion of Fowl Cholera?

    <p>Dark and swollen liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission for Infectious Bronchitis?

    <p>Direct airborne transmission and bird to bird contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic lesion of Virulent Viscerotropic Viruses in Infectious Bronchitis?

    <p>Hemorrhagic lesions of the intestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of peracute lesions in Newcastle disease?

    <p>Hemorrhagic tracheitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etiologic agent of Infectious Bronchitis?

    <p>Coronavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical sign of asymptomatic enteric NDVs?

    <p>Inapparent enteric infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common clinical sign of Infectious Bronchitis?

    <p>Watery nasal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Newcastle disease from bird to bird?

    <p>Inhalation of droplets and aerosols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the host of Fowlpox Virus?

    <p>Chick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Moderately Virulent (Mesogenic) Infectious Bronchitis?

    <p>Mild respiratory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of mild lesions in Newcastle disease?

    <p>Excess mucus with or without small amounts of diphtheric exudate in trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of highly virulent Newcastle disease?

    <p>Sudden death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the lesions of Virulent Viscerotropic Viruses in Infectious Bronchitis?

    <p>Necrotic lesions with hemorrhage in multiple organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a clinical sign of Infectious Bronchitis?

    <p>Anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Newcastle disease to humans?

    <p>Direct contact with infected birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of acute clinical signs in Newcastle disease?

    <p>Dyspnea and nasal exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of lentogenic respiratory NDVs?

    <p>Mild or inapparent respiratory infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of transmission of REOVIRIDAE through insects?

    <p>Mechanical transmission of by biting insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical sign of REOVIRIDAE associated with viremia?

    <p>Cloacal pasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of infection of REOVIRIDAE?

    <p>Respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic lesion of REOVIRIDAE infection?

    <p>Crusty scab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common outcome of REOVIRIDAE infection?

    <p>Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of REOVIRIDAE through contaminated feces?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lesion associated with REOVIRIDAE infection in the joints?

    <p>Tenosynovitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic change seen in the abdomen of birds infected with REOVIRIDAE?

    <p>Collection of fluid in the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Poultry Diseases

    Pullorum Disease

    • Caused by Salmonella pullorum, a Gram-negative bacterium
    • Affects chickens, turkeys, pheasants, guineafowl, peafowl, grouse, and quail
    • Seen in growers and adults
    • Spread through:
      • Infected bird via the ovary to the newly hatched chick
      • Persisting in the spleen until mature
      • Infection spreads through the reproductive tract
      • Droppings
      • Ingestion of material in contaminated food
    • Clinical signs:
      • Acute: drop in food consumption and egg production, ruffled feathers, closed eyes
      • Chronic: intense anemia, progressive loss of condition
    • Lesions:
      • Septicemic, jaundiced appearance
      • Prominent blood vessels
      • Dark and congested skeletal muscle
      • Catarrhal enteritis

    Fowl Cholera

    • Caused by Pasteurella multicoda
    • Affects all types of poultry
    • Infects respiratory tract
    • Spread through:
      • Excretions from the mouth, nose, and conjunctiva of diseased birds
    • Clinical signs:
      • Unexpected deaths
      • Necrotic enteritis
      • Increased mortality
      • Cholangohepatitis
    • Lesions:
      • Necrotic enteritis
      • Pseudomembrane attached to the intestinal mucosa

    Fowl Typhoid

    • Caused by Salmonella gallinarium
    • Localized infection of joints, abscesses of the head, oviduct, and respiratory tract
    • Lesions:
      • General septicemic lesions
      • Enlargement of liver and spleen
      • Congestion of carcass
      • Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages

    Infectious Coryza

    • Caused by Avibacterium paragallinarium
    • Affects conjunctiva, respiratory, and nervous systems
    • Clinical signs:
      • Acute: dyspnea, moist rales, slight cough and head shaking, nasal exudate, conjunctivitis
      • Mild: excess mucus with or without small amounts of diphtheric exudate in trachea
    • Lesions:
      • Peracute: hemorrhagic tracheitis
      • Acute: caseous diphtheric exudate, mucus, and hemorrhage in the trachea
      • Mild: excess mucus with or without small amounts of diphtheric exudate in trachea

    Infectious Bronchitis

    • Caused by Coronavirus
    • Affects domestic fowl
    • Spread through:
      • Bird to bird
      • Direct airborne transmission
      • Feces
    • Clinical signs:
      • Tracheal rales
      • Gasping
      • Sneezing
      • Watery nasal discharge
      • Lacrimation
      • Facial swelling
    • Lesions:
      • Excess mucus in the trachea, nasal cavity, and sinuses
      • Catarrhal exudate
      • Mucoid plugs of pus

    Fowlpox Virus

    • Caused by Fowlpox Virus, Avipoxvirus
    • Affects chickens, pigeons, turkeys, and quail
    • Spread through:
      • Intracellular form
      • Extracellular form released into blood to spread to secondary sites
      • Mechanical transmission by biting insects
    • Clinical signs:
      • Disease of mature birds
      • Cutaneous Form: mild
      • Diphtheritic Form: higher mortality
    • Lesions:
      • Crusty scab
      • Thickening of eyelids

    Reovirus

    • Affects domestic fowl
    • Spread through:
      • Ingestion of contaminated feces
      • Infection via respiratory tract
      • Infection through embryonated eggs
    • Clinical signs:
      • Viremia
      • Cloacal pasting
      • Ulcerative enteritis
      • Acute and Chronic Respiratory Disease
      • Pericarditis
      • Anemia

    Ascites

    • Characterized by:
      • Collection of fluid in the abdomen
      • Hydropericardium and liver changes
      • Fibrin clots in the ascitic fluid

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    Description

    This quiz covers the etiology, spread, and characteristics of Pullorum disease in poultry, including chickens, turkeys, and other fowl. Learn about the symptoms and causes of this disease.

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