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Questions and Answers
Which sector was primarily represented by the CTM in the corporatist system established in 1946?
Which sector was primarily represented by the CTM in the corporatist system established in 1946?
Which sector held the largest share of seats among the PRI’s federal deputies until the 1960s?
Which sector held the largest share of seats among the PRI’s federal deputies until the 1960s?
What key role did the popular sector play within the PRI's corporatist structure?
What key role did the popular sector play within the PRI's corporatist structure?
What is the origin of the term 'corporatism'?
What is the origin of the term 'corporatism'?
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Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned as having applied corporatist practices in the mid-twentieth century?
Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned as having applied corporatist practices in the mid-twentieth century?
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In contemporary social corporatism, which of the following countries is noted for structured negotiations between democratic governments and interest groups?
In contemporary social corporatism, which of the following countries is noted for structured negotiations between democratic governments and interest groups?
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What was a significant characteristic of the corporatism discussed in this document?
What was a significant characteristic of the corporatism discussed in this document?
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Which factor contributed to the agrarian and labor sectors being well rewarded within the PRI?
Which factor contributed to the agrarian and labor sectors being well rewarded within the PRI?
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What are camarillas in the context of the PRI?
What are camarillas in the context of the PRI?
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What was one of the key benefits for a politician as their position within the PRI increased?
What was one of the key benefits for a politician as their position within the PRI increased?
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What kind of benefits might individual voters receive for supporting the PRI?
What kind of benefits might individual voters receive for supporting the PRI?
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What factor contributed to the loyal support of the PRI among ordinary citizens?
What factor contributed to the loyal support of the PRI among ordinary citizens?
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How did the prohibition on immediate reelection affect public administration in Mexico?
How did the prohibition on immediate reelection affect public administration in Mexico?
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What was the main challenge in assessing the legitimacy of PRI's political support?
What was the main challenge in assessing the legitimacy of PRI's political support?
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Why was party discipline particularly important within the PRI?
Why was party discipline particularly important within the PRI?
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What effect did the prevalence of clientelistic relationships have on the PRI?
What effect did the prevalence of clientelistic relationships have on the PRI?
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What does the term 'dedazo' refer to in the context of the Mexican political system?
What does the term 'dedazo' refer to in the context of the Mexican political system?
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What role did interior secretaries play in the Mexican presidency?
What role did interior secretaries play in the Mexican presidency?
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What was the main purpose of the 'destape' in the political process?
What was the main purpose of the 'destape' in the political process?
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How did the sitting president influence the political system in Mexico?
How did the sitting president influence the political system in Mexico?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between the presidency and the PRI?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between the presidency and the PRI?
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Why did high-ranking PRI politicians seek the favor of the president?
Why did high-ranking PRI politicians seek the favor of the president?
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Which agency was likely to answer directly to the president in Mexico?
Which agency was likely to answer directly to the president in Mexico?
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From 1928 to 2000, how many presidents elected from the ruling party were former interior secretaries?
From 1928 to 2000, how many presidents elected from the ruling party were former interior secretaries?
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What facilitated the expression of diverse perspectives within the PRI?
What facilitated the expression of diverse perspectives within the PRI?
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Which administration is noted for moving the PRI further to the right?
Which administration is noted for moving the PRI further to the right?
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What strategy did the PRI use to counter potential opposition?
What strategy did the PRI use to counter potential opposition?
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How did the PRI’s ideology change over time?
How did the PRI’s ideology change over time?
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What was a consequence of the reactionary nature of Alemán’s government?
What was a consequence of the reactionary nature of Alemán’s government?
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What advantage did the PRI gain by incorporating diverse sectors of society?
What advantage did the PRI gain by incorporating diverse sectors of society?
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Which president adopted a more favorable position toward business interests compared to Cárdenas?
Which president adopted a more favorable position toward business interests compared to Cárdenas?
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What often required incoming presidents to adopt positions directly contradicting their predecessors?
What often required incoming presidents to adopt positions directly contradicting their predecessors?
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What was the primary role of the PAN in Mexico's political landscape?
What was the primary role of the PAN in Mexico's political landscape?
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What effect did the introduction of proportional representation have on Mexican politics?
What effect did the introduction of proportional representation have on Mexican politics?
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How did the PRI manage to neutralize real political opposition?
How did the PRI manage to neutralize real political opposition?
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What characterized the parastatal parties in Mexico's political system?
What characterized the parastatal parties in Mexico's political system?
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What was the Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution (PARM) known for?
What was the Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution (PARM) known for?
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Which of the following accurately describes the Mexican Communist Party (PCM)?
Which of the following accurately describes the Mexican Communist Party (PCM)?
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What was a consequence of the existence of minor parties in Mexico?
What was a consequence of the existence of minor parties in Mexico?
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Why were some third parties considered as parastatal parties?
Why were some third parties considered as parastatal parties?
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What organization is believed to have played a role in the 1968 student massacre?
What organization is believed to have played a role in the 1968 student massacre?
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Which individual is primarily criticized for the planning and ordering of the 1968 student massacre?
Which individual is primarily criticized for the planning and ordering of the 1968 student massacre?
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How did independent media sources characterize the number of deaths in the 1968 incident?
How did independent media sources characterize the number of deaths in the 1968 incident?
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What is indicated about the 1968 student massacre in relation to the Mexican government?
What is indicated about the 1968 student massacre in relation to the Mexican government?
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What governmental response followed the massacre three decades later?
What governmental response followed the massacre three decades later?
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What was a significant consequence for many protesters and student leaders after the massacre?
What was a significant consequence for many protesters and student leaders after the massacre?
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What complicates the responsibility assignment for the 1968 incident?
What complicates the responsibility assignment for the 1968 incident?
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What was one claim made by official government figures regarding the protesters?
What was one claim made by official government figures regarding the protesters?
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Study Notes
Postrevolutionary Mexican Politics, 1940-1968
- Mexico held regular elections from 1940 onward, with high popular participation and peaceful transfers of power.
- Despite elections, Mexico was not viewed as a democracy for most of the period.
- The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) maintained autocratic rule through machine-style politics, excluding competition, and using force.
- The PRI's system restricted competition through various methods, including exclusion, fraud, and sometimes coercion.
- Mexico's system was sometimes called a "semiauthoritarian regime" or a "restricted democracy."
- The PRI held regular elections but relied more on co-optation than coercion.
- From the 1940s-1970s the PRI system was relatively stable, with widespread support and successful economic outcomes.
- The PRI controlled the electoral system through the 1946 Federal Electoral Law, enabling its monopoly.
- This law, combined with the centralized structure of the PRI, ensured political control and loyalty.
- The party organizational structure ensured centralized power and facilitated predictable election outcomes.
- Mexico's PRI used a corporatist system to incorporate key interest groups, creating a unified political structure.
- Various political sectors were formally represented in the PRI's structures, exemplified by the labor, agrarian and popular sectors.
- The PRI system involved complex networks of relationships, often described as clientelism, in which politicians exchanged benefits and services for support..
- Political co-optation was a key part of the PRI's strategy for maintaining power, including offering positions and other benefits in exchange for political support.
- The prohibition of reelection concentrated authority in the presidency.
- The presidential system wielded significant power over the executive branch and was often at the center of political decisions.
- The dedazo, a process for selecting presidential successors, gave the sitting president significant influence over the PRI in the selection of the next presidential candidate.
- There were several sources of opposition to the PRI, including the National Action Party (PAN), a diverse range of minor parties, and in some cases opposition groups who were excluded from power or considered illegal.
- The 1968 Tlatelolco massacre exemplified the PRI's use of overt coercion against political opposition.
Discussion Questions
- How did the PRI's internal organization facilitate its rise to and consolidation of power after the revolution?
- Why was the opposition unable to garner significant support and effectively challenge the PRI at the ballot box until the late twentieth century?
- In what ways are corporatism and clientelism different from one another? What role did each play in the era of PRI hegemony?
- Many political scientists argue that the use of repression is a sign of a state's or government's weakness. Do you agree? If so, why and in what ways was the PRI regime weak in 1968?
- Despite the government's attempts to quash information about the 1968 massacre at Tlatelolco, it became a watershed moment in Mexican history. What was the lasting impact of this event?
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Description
Explore the political landscape of Mexico between 1940 and 1968, focusing on the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and its autocratic rule. Understand how regular elections coexisted with restricted democracy and the methods used to maintain political control. This quiz covers key events and laws that shaped Mexico's semiauthoritarian regime during this era.
