Postpartum Infection Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What is the AAP's recommendation regarding breastfeeding duration?

  • Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and continued for at least 12 months (correct)
  • Breastfeeding only until the infant is 4 months old
  • Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3 months
  • Breastfeeding exclusively for the first year

    • Which of the following factors influences breastfeeding rates in the U.S.?

  • Medical advice only
  • Personal and sociocultural factors (correct)
  • Infant's preference
  • Government regulations

    • What differentiates bilirubin metabolism in newborns from adults?

  • Newborns metabolize bilirubin slower than adults
  • Bilirubin is eliminated faster in newborns than in adults
  • Newborns produce bilirubin 2-2.5 times that of adults (correct)
  • Newborns do not require conjugation of bilirubin

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the four methods of neonatal heat loss?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component does the Apgar score NOT assess?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the AAP recommend introducing solid foods to an infant?

    <p>After 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication to breastfeeding?

    <p>Mothers with active herpes simplex lesions on the breasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors may contribute to pain associated with breastfeeding?

    <p>Improper feeding position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of maternal illness, which safety guideline is recommended?

    <p>Wear a mask when breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical time frame for engorgement to occur after birth?

    <p>Around 3 days after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended intervention for treating breast engorgement?

    <p>Applying ice packs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding breastfeeding and COVID-19?

    <p>Breastfeeding is generally safe even if the mother is infected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which newborn condition is considered a contraindication to breastfeeding?

    <p>Galactosemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breastfeeding position involves holding the baby under the arm?

    <p>Football or clutch hold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the first steps in managing a hemorrhage during postpartum care?

    <p>Administer IV fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following uterotonics is known for causing explosive diarrhea?

    <p>Hemabate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment finding is indicative of subinvolution of the uterus?

    <p>Irregular/excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical intervention is appropriate for treating postpartum hemorrhage?

    <p>Uterine artery embolization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 4 T's that are commonly assessed as causes of postpartum hemorrhage?

    <p>Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT part of the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative safety bundle for obstetric hemorrhage?

    <p>Safety Officer Training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common nursing intervention for managing early postpartum hemorrhage?

    <p>Firm massage of the uterine fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended nursing practice in preparing for potential postpartum hemorrhage?

    <p>Unit preparedness drills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary initial management step for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)?

    <p>Firm massage to uterus/fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common symptoms of mastitis?

    <p>Localized breast pain with redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for mastitis?

    <p>Nursing more frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important step in the management of a postpartum hemorrhage?

    <p>Sweep to remove placental products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT typically administered in the management of PPH?

    <p>Dicloxacillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for adhering strictly to aseptic techniques during childbirth?

    <p>To reduce the risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is commonly used for mastitis?

    <p>Cold compresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a postpartum patient contact a healthcare provider regarding mastitis symptoms?

    <p>When symptoms begin to worsen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of postpartum infection?

    <p>Clinical infection of the genital tract within 28 days postpartum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a characteristic symptom of endometritis?

    <p>Fundal tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for postpartum infections like endometritis?

    <p>IV broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of postpartum women may develop urinary tract infections?

    <p>2% to 4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom indicative of mastitis?

    <p>Fever with flu-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reasons might NOT cause postpartum fever?

    <p>Normal breast feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wound infections after cesarean birth occur at what percentage range?

    <p>3% to 5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about postpartum hemorrhage is true?

    <p>It is the leading cause of obstetric ICU admissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Postpartum Infections

    • Postpartum infections, or puerperal infections, occur within 28 days after childbirth, miscarriage, or abortion.
    • A fever of 38° C (100.4° F) within the first 10 postpartum days signifies infection.
    • Endometritis, the most common postpartum infection, presents with fundal tenderness and fever, often due to prolonged membrane rupture or bacteria introduction.
    • Management involves IV broad-spectrum antibiotics like Gentamicin and Clindamycin, treating upon fever resolution for 24 hours.
    • Wound infections post-cesarean birth occur in 3% to 5% of cases, characterized by cellulitis or abscess.
    • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 2% to 4% of postpartum women, with symptoms like dysuria and frequency.
    • Other infections can stem from pneumonia, flu, DVT/PE, or mastitis, with the latter treated using dicloxacillin.

    Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)

    • A significant cause of obstetric morbidity, PPH leads to ICU admissions.
    • Immediate response includes calling a code hemorrhage, managing with a hemorrhage cart, large bore IV access, and isotonic fluids.
    • Uterotonics like Pitocin, Hemabate, and Cytotec are critical for managing hemorrhage.
    • Assessment includes CBC, Type/Screen, and administering blood products as needed.
    • Physical interventions consist of uterine fundal massage, gauze packing, and insertion of pressure devices like Foley or Bakri balloons.
    • Surgical options for severe cases include uterine artery embolization or hysterectomy.

    Interprofessional Care Management for PPH

    • Standardized management protocols and routine emergency drills enhance PPH care.
    • The California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative recommends a safety bundle including readiness, recognition, response, and reporting.
    • Manual management strategies emphasize firm uterine massage, bladder emptying, and continuous IV oxytocin infusion.

    Causes of PPH: The 4 T's

    • Tone: Subinvolution leads to delayed uterine size return, often due to retained placental fragments.
    • Trauma: Uterine inversion can occur when the placenta pulls the uterus inside-out during delivery.
    • Tissue: Retained products of conception may contribute to continuing bleeding.
    • Thrombin: Coagulation disorders may exacerbate hemorrhage.

    Mastitis

    • An infectious breast condition with flu-like symptoms including fever and localized breast pain, often in the upper outer quadrant postpartum.
    • Risk factors include inadequate breast emptying, sore nipples, and stress.
    • Treatment involves bed rest, antibiotics (dicloxacillin, clindamycin), and continuing breastfeeding practices.
    • Complications can arise, such as breast abscess or chronic mastitis, emphasizing the need for prompt treatment.
    • Breastfeeding remains safe in most maternal illnesses, with precautions for infections like COVID-19.

    Contraindications to Breastfeeding

    • Specific conditions restrict breastfeeding, including:
      • Newborn galactosemia
      • Maternal HIV infection, active tuberculosis, or herpes simplex lesions on breasts.

    Breastfeeding Positions

    • Pain during breastfeeding may result from improper positioning or anatomical issues.
    • Various breastfeeding holds include:
      • Football or clutch hold
      • Across the lap (modified cradle)
      • Cradling
      • Side-lying position

    Engorgement

    • Physiologically, engorgement results from temporary vascular congestion, peaking around day three postpartum.
    • Treatment methods include ice packs and cabbage leaves for relief.

    Newborn Nutrition and Breastfeeding Recommendations

    • Human milk is the gold standard for infant nutrition, with exclusive breastfeeding recommended for the first six months, followed by at least 12 months of continued breastfeeding.
    • Introduction of solid foods is advised after six months of age.

    Newborn Jaundice

    • Newborn jaundice arises due to higher bilirubin production and shorter red blood cell lifespan compared to adults.
    • Acute bilirubin encephalopathy can occur if jaundice escalates.

    Neonatal Heat Loss

    • Neonates lose heat through four mechanisms: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation.

    Apgar Score

    • The Apgar score evaluates a newborn's health at birth based on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.

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    Related Documents

    Postpartum Infection Exam Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This study guide covers key concepts related to postpartum infections, also known as puerperal infections, and their definitions. Learn about the criteria for diagnosing these infections, including the significance of fever and other clinical symptoms that can arise within the postpartum period. Prepare effectively for Exam #3 with this focused content.

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